This article deals with technology transfer from science to agriculture with pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum (L.)R.Br.) in central Tanzania as example. The major question is which validity recommendations from different types of field experiments have and how geo-information (i.e. soil and landscape position) can lead to more site-specific recommendations. Tied ridging and reduced amounts of placed fertilizer during sowing were tested to increase yields on researcher-managed plots on-station, demonstration plots in villages, and farmer-managed plots on-farm. While on-station trials provided potential yield effects, physical distance to the station and differing conditions led to a higher informational value of village plots that mirror the context of local farmers. The treatments often resulted in significant yield increase. Soil and relief information and distance to settlements (i.e. gradient of management intensity) are key factors for data variability in on-farm trials. Unexplained variability is introduced through leaving degrees of freedom with respect to management to the farmer. Apart from soil and physiographic information, the latter should be part of a detailed data collection procedure in agronomic trials in large numbers addressing Sub-Saharan smallholder farming. Balanced data sets with dispersed trials on crucial soil and relief units are essential for future research.

中文翻译：

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影响坦桑尼亚中部自给农民的技术转让的土壤和景观

这篇文章讨论了用珍珠粟从科学到农业的技术转移（狼尾草(L.)R.Br.) 以坦桑尼亚中部为例。主要问题是来自不同类型的现场实验的建议具有哪些有效性，以及地理信息（即土壤和景观位置）如何导致更多针对特定地点的建议。测试了在播种期间捆绑起垄和减少施肥量，以提高研究人员管理的站内地块、村庄的示范地块和农民管理的农场地块的产量。虽然站内试验提供了潜在的产量影响，但到站的物理距离和不同的条件导致反映当地农民背景的村庄地块具有更高的信息价值。处理通常导致显着的产量增加。土壤和地形信息以及到定居点的距离（即 管理强度梯度）是农场试验中数据可变性的关键因素。通过将管理方面的自由度留给农民来引入无法解释的可变性。除了土壤和地理信息外，后者应该是针对撒哈拉以南小农农业的大量农艺试验中详细数据收集程序的一部分。在关键土壤和救济单元上进行分散试验的平衡数据集对于未来的研究至关重要。