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Rice straw biochar improves soil fertility, growth, and yield of rice–wheat system on a sandy loam soil
Experimental Agriculture Pub Date : 2019-07-03 , DOI: 10.1017/s0014479719000218
R. K. Gupta , Ashaq Hussain , Yadvinder-Singh , S. S. Sooch , J. S. Kang , Sandeep Sharma , G. S. Dheri

Biochar has received attention due to its potential for mitigating climate change through carbon sequestration in soil and improving soil quality and crop productivity. This study evaluated the effects of rice straw biochar (RSB) and rice husk ash (RHA) each applied at 5 Mg ha −1 and four N levels (0, 40, 80, and 120 kg ha −1 ) on soil fertility, growth, and yield of rice and wheat for three consecutive rice–wheat rotations. RSB significantly increased electrical conductivity, dehydrogenase activity, and P and K contents when compared to control (no amendment) up to 7.5 cm soil depth. Both RSB and RHA did not influence shoot N concentration in wheat plant but significantly increased P and K concentrations at 60 days after sowing. Grain yields of both rice and wheat were significantly higher in RSB as compared to control (no amendment) and RHA treatments. While the highest grain yields of rice and wheat were observed at 120 kg N ha −1 in RHA and no biochar-treated plots, a significant increase in grain yields was observed at 80 kg N ha −1 in RSB treatment, thereby saving 40 kg N ha −1 in each crop. Both agronomic and recovery N efficiencies in rice and wheat were significantly higher in RSB-amended soil compared to control. Significant positive correlations were observed between soil N, P, and K concentrations and total N, P, and K concentrations in aboveground biomass of wheat at 60 days after sowing. This study showed the potential benefits of applying RSB for improving soil fertility and yields of rice and wheat in a rice–wheat system.

中文翻译:

稻草生物炭可提高沙壤土上稻麦系统的土壤肥力、生长和产量

生物炭因其通过在土壤中固碳和提高土壤质量和作物生产力来减缓气候变化的潜力而受到关注。本研究评估了稻草生物炭 (RSB) 和稻壳灰 (RHA) 分别以 5 Mg ha -1 和四种 N 水平(0、40、80 和 120 kg ha -1 )对土壤肥力、生长的影响,以及连续三个稻麦轮作的水稻和小麦产量。与对照(无修正)相比,RSB 可显着提高电导率、脱氢酶活性以及 P 和 K 含量,直至 7.5 cm 土壤深度。RSB 和 RHA 均不影响小麦植株的地上部 N 浓度,但在播种后 60 天显着增加 P 和 K 浓度。与对照(无修正)和 RHA 处理相比,RSB 中水稻和小麦的谷物产量显着更高。虽然在 RHA 和未处理生物炭的地块中观察到 120 kg N ha -1 的水稻和小麦的最高谷物产量,但在 RSB 处理中观察到 80 kg N ha -1 的谷物产量显着增加,从而节省了 40 kg每种作物中的 N ha -1。与对照相比,RSB 改良土壤中水稻和小麦的农艺和恢复氮效率均显着更高。播种后 60 天,土壤 N、P 和 K 浓度与小麦地上生物量的总 N、P 和 K 浓度呈显着正相关。本研究显示了在稻麦系统中应用 RSB 提高土壤肥力和水稻和小麦产量的潜在好处。虽然在 RHA 和没有生物炭处理的地块中观察到 120 kg N ha -1 的水稻和小麦的最高谷物产量,但在 RSB 处理中观察到 80 kg N ha -1 的谷物产量显着增加,从而节省了 40 kg每种作物中的 N ha -1。与对照相比,RSB 改良土壤中水稻和小麦的农艺和恢复氮效率均显着更高。播种后 60 天,土壤 N、P 和 K 浓度与小麦地上生物量的总 N、P 和 K 浓度呈显着正相关。本研究显示了在稻麦系统中应用 RSB 提高土壤肥力和水稻和小麦产量的潜在好处。虽然在 RHA 和没有生物炭处理的地块中观察到 120 kg N ha -1 的水稻和小麦的最高谷物产量,但在 RSB 处理中观察到 80 kg N ha -1 的谷物产量显着增加,从而节省了 40 kg每种作物中的 N ha -1。与对照相比,RSB 改良土壤中水稻和小麦的农艺和恢复氮效率均显着更高。播种后 60 天,土壤 N、P 和 K 浓度与小麦地上生物量的总 N、P 和 K 浓度呈显着正相关。本研究显示了在稻麦系统中应用 RSB 提高土壤肥力和水稻和小麦产量的潜在好处。在 RSB 处理中观察到 80 kg N ha -1 的谷物产量显着增加,从而在每种作物中节省了 40 kg N ha -1。与对照相比,RSB 改良土壤中水稻和小麦的农艺和恢复氮效率均显着更高。播种后 60 天,土壤 N、P 和 K 浓度与小麦地上生物量的总 N、P 和 K 浓度呈显着正相关。本研究显示了在稻麦系统中应用 RSB 提高土壤肥力和水稻和小麦产量的潜在好处。在 RSB 处理中观察到 80 kg N ha -1 的谷物产量显着增加,从而在每种作物中节省了 40 kg N ha -1。与对照相比,RSB 改良土壤中水稻和小麦的农艺和恢复氮效率均显着更高。播种后 60 天,土壤 N、P 和 K 浓度与小麦地上生物量的总 N、P 和 K 浓度呈显着正相关。本研究显示了在稻麦系统中应用 RSB 提高土壤肥力和水稻和小麦产量的潜在好处。播种后 60 天小麦地上生物量中的 K 浓度和总 N、P 和 K 浓度。本研究显示了在稻麦系统中应用 RSB 提高土壤肥力和水稻和小麦产量的潜在好处。播种后 60 天小麦地上生物量中的 K 浓度和总 N、P 和 K 浓度。本研究显示了在稻麦系统中应用 RSB 提高土壤肥力和水稻和小麦产量的潜在好处。
更新日期:2019-07-03
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