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Regulation of long non-coding RNAs and genome dynamics by the RNA surveillance machinery.
Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology ( IF 81.3 ) Pub Date : 2020-02-04 , DOI: 10.1038/s41580-019-0209-0
Lekha Nair 1 , Hachung Chung 1 , Uttiya Basu 1
Affiliation  

Much of the mammalian genome is transcribed, generating long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) that can undergo post-transcriptional surveillance whereby only a subset of the non-coding transcripts is allowed to attain sufficient stability to persist in the cellular milieu and control various cellular functions. Paralleling protein turnover by the proteasome complex, lncRNAs are also likely to exist in a dynamic equilibrium that is maintained through constant monitoring by the RNA surveillance machinery. In this Review, we describe the RNA surveillance factors and discuss the vital role of lncRNA surveillance in orchestrating various biological processes, including the protection of genome integrity, maintenance of pluripotency of embryonic stem cells, antibody-gene diversification, coordination of immune cell activation and regulation of heterochromatin formation. We also discuss examples of human diseases and developmental defects associated with the failure of RNA surveillance mechanisms, further highlighting the importance of lncRNA surveillance in maintaining cell and organism functions and health.

中文翻译:

RNA监视机制对长链非编码RNA和基因组动力学的调控。

哺乳动物基因组的大部分被转录,产生长的非编码 RNA (lncRNA),可以进行转录后监测,从而仅允许一部分非编码转录物获得足够的稳定性以在细胞环境中持续存在并控制各种细胞职能。与蛋白酶体复合物的蛋白质周转平行,lncRNA 也可能存在于动态平衡中,该动态平衡通过 RNA 监测机制的持续监测来维持。在这篇综述中,我们描述了 RNA 监测因素并讨论了 lncRNA 监测在协调各种生物过程中的重要作用,包括保护基因组完整性、维持胚胎干细胞的多能性、抗体基因多样化、协调免疫细胞激活和异染色质形成的调节。我们还讨论了与 RNA 监测机制失败相关的人类疾病和发育缺陷的例子,进一步强调了 lncRNA 监测在维持细胞和生物体功能和健康方面的重要性。
更新日期:2020-02-04
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