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Infection pathology and competition mediate host biomass overcompensation from disease
Ecology ( IF 4.4 ) Pub Date : 2020-02-28 , DOI: 10.1002/ecy.3000
Daniel L Preston 1 , Erin L Sauer 1
Affiliation  

Predators can increase the biomass of their prey, particularly when prey life stages differ in competitive ability and predation is stage-specific. Akin to predators, parasites influence host population sizes and engage in stage-structured interactions, yet whether parasites can increase host population biomass remains relatively unexplored. Using a stage-structured consumer-resource model and a mesocosm experiment with snails and castrating trematodes, we examined responses of host biomass to changes in infection prevalence under variation in host pathology and resource competition. Equilibrium adult host biomass increased with infection prevalence in the model when parasites castrated hosts and adults were superior competitors to juveniles. Juvenile biomass increased with infection prevalence whether parasites caused mortality or castration, but only when juveniles were superior competitors. In mesocosms, increases in infection by castrating trematodes reduced snail egg production, juvenile abundance, and adult survival. At high competition, juvenile growth and total biomass increased with infection prevalence due to competitive release. At low competition, juvenile biomass decreased with infection due to reduced reproduction. These results highlight how disease-induced biomass overcompensation depends on infection pathology, resource availability, and competitive interactions within and between host life stages. Considering such characteristics may benefit biocontrol efforts using parasites.

中文翻译:

感染病理学和竞争介导宿主生物量对疾病的过度补偿

捕食者可以增加猎物的生物量,特别是当猎物生命阶段的竞争能力不同并且捕食是特定于阶段的时。类似于捕食者,寄生虫影响宿主种群大小并参与阶段结构的相互作用,但寄生虫是否可以增加宿主种群生物量仍然相对未探索。使用阶段结构的消费者资源模型和蜗牛和去势吸虫的中胚层实验,我们检查了宿主生物量对宿主病理学和资源竞争变化下感染流行率变化的反应。当寄生虫阉割宿主和成虫是幼虫的优越竞争者时,平衡成虫宿主生物量随着模型中感染的流行而增加。无论是寄生虫导致死亡还是阉割,幼虫生物量都随着感染流行而增加,但只有当青少年是优秀的竞争者时。在中宇宙中,阉割吸虫引起的感染增加会降低蜗牛产卵量、幼虫丰度和成虫存活率。在竞争激烈的情况下,由于竞争性释放,幼鱼的生长和总生物量随着感染流行而增加。在低竞争下,由于繁殖减少,幼体生物量随着感染而减少。这些结果强调了疾病引起的生物量过度补偿如何取决于感染病理学、资源可用性以及宿主生命阶段内部和之间的竞争相互作用。考虑到这些特征可能有利于使用寄生虫的生物防治工作。在竞争激烈的情况下,由于竞争性释放,幼鱼的生长和总生物量随着感染流行而增加。在低竞争下,由于繁殖减少,幼体生物量随着感染而减少。这些结果强调了疾病引起的生物量过度补偿如何取决于感染病理学、资源可用性以及宿主生命阶段内部和之间的竞争相互作用。考虑到这些特征可能有利于使用寄生虫的生物控制工作。在竞争激烈的情况下,由于竞争性释放,幼鱼的生长和总生物量随着感染流行而增加。在低竞争下,由于繁殖减少,幼体生物量随着感染而减少。这些结果强调了疾病引起的生物量过度补偿如何取决于感染病理学、资源可用性以及宿主生命阶段内部和之间的竞争相互作用。考虑到这些特征可能有利于使用寄生虫的生物防治工作。以及宿主生命阶段内部和之间的竞争性相互作用。考虑到这些特征可能有利于使用寄生虫的生物控制工作。以及宿主生命阶段内部和之间的竞争性相互作用。考虑到这些特征可能有利于使用寄生虫的生物控制工作。
更新日期:2020-02-28
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