BACKGROUND When new technologies are developed, it is common for their crime and security implications to be overlooked or given inadequate attention, which can lead to a 'crime harvest'. Potential methods for the criminal exploitation of biotechnology need to be understood to assess their impact, evaluate current policies and interventions and inform the allocation of limited resources efficiently. Recent studies have illustrated some of the security implications of biotechnology, with outcomes of misuse ranging from compromised computers using malware stored in synthesised DNA, infringement of intellectual property on biological matter, synthesis of new threatening viruses, 'genetic genocide,' and the exploitation of food markets with genetically modified crops. However, there exists no synthesis of this information, and no formal quality assessment of the current evidence. This review therefore aims to establish what current and/or predicted crimes have been reported as a result of biotechnology. METHODS A systematic review will be conducted to identify relevant literature. ProQuest, Web of Science, MEDLINE and USENIX will be searched utilizing a predefined search string, and Backward and Forward searches. Grey literature will be identified by searching the official UK Government website (www.gov.uk) and the Global database of Dissertations and Theses. The review will be conducted by screening title/abstracts followed by full texts, utilising pre-defined inclusion and exclusion criteria. Papers will be managed using Eppi-center Reviewer 4 software, and data will be organised using a data extraction table using a descriptive coding tool. A predefined rating system (speculative, experimental or currently occurring) will be used to sort studies, and a thematic synthesis of the results will be presented. DISCUSSION Despite the concerns raised about the misuse of biotechnology, no previous work has been conducted from a Crime Science perspective to collate and assess the literature. This systematic review aims to identify the types of offending activity facilitated by biotechnology, including synthetic biology and genetic engineering. The objective of the review is to examine whether this offending activity can be prevented by assessing the conditions necessary for the crime events to occur. It is anticipated that evidence generated from this review will guide future research in this area and aid relevant stakeholders to prioritise and allocate limited resources to biotechnology crime prevention. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION PROSPERO CRD42019131685.

中文翻译：

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合成生物学促进的犯罪趋势系统审查协议。

背景技术当新技术被开发出来时，它们的犯罪和安全影响通常被忽视或给予不充分的关注，这可能导致“犯罪收获”。需要了解生物技术犯罪利用的潜在方法，以评估其影响、评估当前政策和干预措施并为有限资源的有效分配提供信息。最近的研究已经说明了生物技术的一些安全隐患，滥用的后果包括使用合成 DNA 中存储的恶意软件破坏计算机、侵犯生物物质的知识产权、合成新的威胁性病毒、“基因种族灭绝”以及利用转基因作物的食品市场。然而，没有对这些信息进行综合，也没有对当前证据进行正式的质量评估。因此，本次审查旨在确定目前和/或预测的生物技术导致的犯罪报告。方法 将进行系统回顾以确定相关文献。ProQuest、Web of Science、MEDLINE 和 USENIX 将使用预定义的搜索字符串以及向后和向前搜索进行搜索。灰色文献将通过搜索英国政府官方网站 (www.gov.uk) 和全球学位论文数据库来识别。审查将利用预先定义的纳入和排除标准，先筛选标题/摘要，然后筛选全文。论文将使用 Eppi-center Reviewer 4 软件进行管理，数据将使用描述性编码工具的数据提取表进行组织。将使用预定义的评级系统（推测的、实验的或当前正在发生的）对研究进行分类，并提出结果的主题综合。讨论 尽管人们对生物技术的滥用提出了担忧，但之前还没有从犯罪科学的角度进行文献整理和评估。这项系统审查旨在确定生物技术（包括合成生物学和基因工程）促进的犯罪活动类型。审查的目的是检查是否可以通过评估犯罪事件发生的必要条件来防止这种犯罪活动。预计本次审查产生的证据将指导该领域的未来研究，并帮助相关利益攸关方优先考虑和分配有限的资源用于预防生物技术犯罪。系统审查注册 PROSPERO CRD42019131685。