Abstract In this work, novel bone substitutes in the form of biomicroconcretes with high surgical handiness and satisfactory mechanical properties were developed. Materials were composed of hybrid hydroxyapatite/chitosan (HAp/CTS) granules as aggregate, α-TCP as a setting phase, and pectin solutions as a liquid phase. Two types of low esterified amidated pectins from citrus peels (CP) and apple pomace (AP) and also two fractions of HAp/CTS granules of size between 300 and 400 µm and 400–600 µm were used. The presence of pectins significantly improved surgical handiness and allowed to obtain injectable biomicroconcretes. Synergistic effect of fast internal crosslinking of low esterified pectins, induced by Ca2+ released from α-TCP, together with setting reaction of highly reactive α-TCP (dual setting system) resulted in excellent cohesion of the final materials. By the use of different type of pectins (AP, CP) one can control mechanical properties of the materials. The results showed that pectins from citrus peels more effectively improved compressive strength. The biomicroconcretes obtained in this work showed great potential for the use as novel bone substitutes, however, they require further studies, especially biological evaluation.

中文翻译：

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基于混合 HAp/CTS 颗粒、α-TCP 和果胶的生物微混凝土作为新型可注射骨替代品

摘要 在这项工作中，开发了具有高手术操作性和令人满意的机械性能的生物微混凝土形式的新型骨替代品。材料由混合羟基磷灰石/壳聚糖 (HAp/CTS) 颗粒作为聚集体、α-TCP 作为凝固相和果胶溶液作为液相组成。使用了两种来自柑橘皮 (CP) 和苹果渣 (AP) 的低酯化酰胺化果胶，以及两种尺寸介于 300 和 400 µm 和 400-600 µm 之间的 HAp/CTS 颗粒。果胶的存在显着改善了手术操作性，并允许获得可注射的生物微混凝土。α-TCP 释放的 Ca2+ 诱导低酯化果胶快速内部交联的协同效应，与高反应性 α-TCP（双重凝固系统）的凝固反应一起导致最终材料的优异内聚力。通过使用不同类型的果胶（AP、CP）可以控制材料的机械性能。结果表明，柑橘皮果胶能更有效地提高抗压强度。在这项工作中获得的生物微混凝土显示出用作新型骨替代品的巨大潜力，但是，它们需要进一步研究，特别是生物学评估。