Frailty is a risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD). Biomarkers have the potential to detect the early stages of frailty, such as pre-frailty. Myokines may act as biomarkers of frailty-related disease progression, as a decline in muscle health is a hallmark of the frailty phenotype. This study is a secondary analysis of 104 females 55 years of age or older with no previous history of CVD. Differences in systemic myokine concentrations based on frailty status and CVD risk profile were examined using a case-control design. Propensity matching identified two sets of 26 pairs with pre-frailty as the exposure variable in low or elevated CVD risk groups for a total 104 female participants. Frailty was assessed using the Fried Criteria (FC) and CVD risk was assessed using the Framingham Risk Score (FRS). Factorial ANOVA compared the main effects of frailty, CVD risk, and their interaction on the concentrations of 15 myokines. Differences were found when comparing elevated CVD risk status with low for the concentrations of EPO (384.76 ± 1046.07 vs. 206.63 ± 284.61 pg/mL, p = .001), FABP3 (2772.61 ± 3297.86 vs. 1693.31 ± 1019.34 pg/mL, p = .017), FGF21 (193.17 ± 521.09 vs. 70.18 ± 139.51 pg/mL, p = .010), IL-6 (1.73 ± 4.97 vs. 0.52 ± 0.89 pg/mL, p = .023), and IL-15 (2.62 ± 10.56 vs. 0.92 ± 1.25 pg/mL, p = .022). Pre-frail females had lower concentrations of fractalkine compared to robust (27.04 ± 20.60 vs. 103.62 ± 315.45 pg/mL, p = .004). Interaction effects between frailty status and CVD risk for FGF21 and OSM were identified. In elevated CVD risk, pre-frail females, concentrations of FGF21 and OSM were lower than that of elevated CVD risk, robust females (69.10 ± 62.86 vs. 317.24 ± 719.69, p = .011; 1.73 ± 2.32 vs. 24.43 ± 69.21, p = .018, respectively). These data identified specific biomarkers of CVD risk and biomarkers of frailty that are exacerbated with CVD risk.

中文翻译：

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肌动蛋白是女性脆弱和心血管疾病风险的生物标志物。

体弱是心血管疾病（CVD）的危险因素。生物标记物有可能检测脆弱的早期阶段，例如脆弱前期。由于肌肉健康的下降是脆弱表型的标志，因此肌动蛋白可能是脆弱相关疾病进展的生物标志物。这项研究是对104位55岁以上且无CVD史的女性进行的二级分析。使用病例对照设计检查了基于虚弱状态和CVD风险特征的全身性肌肉因子浓度的差异。倾向匹配确定了两组共26对具有脆弱性的人群，作为低风险或高CVD风险组中总共104名女性参与者的暴露变量。使用Fried Criteria（FC）评估脆弱性，并使用Framingham风险评分（FRS）评估CVD风险。阶乘方差分析比较了脆弱，CVD风险及其相互作用对15种肌因子浓度的主要影响。比较EPO浓度（384.76±1046.07与206.63±284.61 pg / mL，p = .001），FABP3（2772.61±3297.86与1693.31±1019.34 pg / mL，p = .017），FGF21（193.17±521.09与70.18±139.51 pg / mL，p = .010），IL-6（1.73±4.97与0.52±0.89 pg / mL，p = .023）和IL- 15（2.62±10.56与0.92±1.25 pg / mL，p = .022）。与健壮的女性相比，体弱的女性的fractalkine浓度较低（27.04±20.60 vs. 103.62±315.45 pg / mL，p = .004）。确定了脆弱状态与FGF21和OSM的CVD风险之间的相互作用。在CVD风险升高的情况下，脆弱女性的FGF21和OSM的浓度低于CVD风险升高的风险，健壮的女性（分别为69.10±62.86与317.24±719.69，p = 0.011; 1.73±2.32与24.43±69.21，p = 0.018）。这些数据确定了CVD风险的特定生物标志物和CVD风险加剧的脆弱的生物标志物。