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Acute toxicity and clotting times of anticoagulant rodenticides to red-toothed (Odonus niger) and black (Melichthys niger) triggerfish, fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas), and largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides).
Aquatic Toxicology ( IF 4.1 ) Pub Date : 2020-02-01 , DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2020.105429
Rachelle C Riegerix 1 , Michael Tanner 2 , Robert Gale 2 , Donald E Tillitt 2
Affiliation  

Anticoagulant rodenticides (ARs) are used in rat eradication efforts on island wildlife refuges. AR bait pellets can get into coral reef areas during broadcasting and lead to exposure of non-target organisms, such as marine fishes. The objective of this study was to determine the sensitivity of representative saltwater fishes, Red-toothed triggerfish (Odonus niger) and Black triggerfish (Melichthys niger), and common freshwater fishes, fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas), and largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) to first generation ARs, diphacinone (DPN) and chlorophacinone (CPN), as well as a second-generation AR, brodifacoum (BROD). Acute toxicity of ARs was evaluated by single dose, intraperitoneal injections. The median lethal dose (LD50) ranges were 137-175 μg DPN/g, 155-182 μg CPN/g, and 36-48 μg BROD/g for Red-toothed triggerfish and 90-122 μg DPN/g, 125-164 μg CPN/g, and 50-75 μg BROD/g for black triggerfish. Laboratory surrogate test fish species fathead minnow and largemouth bass were of similar sensitivity toward AR-induced toxicity compared to triggerfish based on LD50 values. Sublethal effects on elevated clotting time occurred in dose-dependent fashion in all fish tested. Fish appear to have low sensitivity to AR chemicals as compared to other taxa, in particular mammals and birds, based on across-taxa comparisons of species sensitivity distributions of whole body, single dose acute lethality (LD50 values). The sensitivity of fish to waterborne exposures of ARs has yet to be fully evaluated and indeed may prove more hazardous to fish.

中文翻译:

抗凝血灭鼠剂对红齿(Odonus niger)和黑(Melichthys niger)trigger鱼,黑头fat鱼(Pimephales promelas)和大嘴鲈(Micropterus salmoides)的急性毒性和凝血时间。

抗凝杀鼠剂(ARs)用于在岛上野生动植物保护区的老鼠根除工作中。AR饵料颗粒在播送过程中可能进入珊瑚礁区域,并导致非目标生物(如海水鱼类)的暴露。这项研究的目的是确定代表性咸水鱼,红齿触发鱼(Odonus niger)和黑触发鱼(Melichthys niger)以及常见的淡水鱼,黑头min鱼(Pimephales promelas)和大嘴鲈(Micropterus salmoides)的敏感性。包括第一代AR,二甲砜霉素(DPN)和氯代砜(CPN),以及第二代AR,即溴地衣(BROD)。通过单次腹膜内注射评估AR的急性毒性。中值致死剂量(LD50)范围为137-175μgDPN / g,155-182μgCPN / g,红齿引金鱼的BROD / g为36-48μg,DPN / g为90-122μg,CPN / g为125-164μg,黑引金鱼为50-75μgBROD / g。实验室替代试验鱼种黑头min鱼和大嘴鲈与根据LD50值的引金鱼相比,对AR诱导的毒性具有相似的敏感性。在所有测试鱼中,致死时间延长的致死作用均呈剂量依赖性。根据整个物种的物种敏感性分布,单剂量急性致死率(LD50值)的跨类比较,鱼类与其他类群(尤其是哺乳动物和鸟类)相比,对AR化学物质的敏感性较低。鱼对ARs的水暴露的敏感性尚未得到充分评估,并且确实可能​​对鱼类更具危害性。实验室替代试验鱼种黑头min鱼和大嘴鲈与根据LD50值的引金鱼相比,对AR诱导的毒性具有相似的敏感性。在所有测试鱼中,致死时间延长的致死作用均呈剂量依赖性。根据整个物种的物种敏感性分布,单剂量急性致死率(LD50值)的跨类比较,鱼类与其他类群(尤其是哺乳动物和鸟类)相比,对AR化学物质的敏感性较低。鱼类对AR的水暴露的敏感性尚未得到充分评估,确实可能对鱼类更具危害性。实验室替代试验鱼种黑头min鱼和大嘴鲈与根据LD50值的引金鱼相比,对AR诱导的毒性具有相似的敏感性。在所有测试鱼中,致死时间延长的致死作用均呈剂量依赖性。根据整个物种的物种敏感性分布,单剂量急性致死率(LD50值)的跨类比较,鱼类与其他类群(尤其是哺乳动物和鸟类)相比,对AR化学物质的敏感性较低。鱼对ARs的水暴露的敏感性尚未得到充分评估,并且确实可能​​对鱼类更具危害性。在所有测试鱼中,致死时间延长的致死作用均呈剂量依赖性。根据整个物种的物种敏感性分布,单剂量急性致死率(LD50值)的跨类比较,鱼类与其他类群(尤其是哺乳动物和鸟类)相比,对AR化学物质的敏感性较低。鱼对ARs的水暴露的敏感性尚未得到充分评估,并且确实可能​​对鱼类更具危害性。在所有测试鱼中,致死时间延长的致死作用均呈剂量依赖性。根据整个物种的物种敏感性分布,单剂量急性致死率(LD50值)的跨类比较,鱼类与其他类群(尤其是哺乳动物和鸟类)相比,对AR化学物质的敏感性较低。鱼对ARs的水暴露的敏感性尚未得到充分评估,并且确实可能​​对鱼类更具危害性。
更新日期:2020-02-03
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