Over the last decade, immunotherapy has rapidly changed the therapeutic landscape and prognosis for many hematologic malignancies and adult solid tumors. Despite this success, immunotherapy for pediatric solid tumors remains in the early stages of development, and significant clinical benefit has yet to be realized, with anti-GD2 for neuroblastoma being the exception. The limited neoepitope expression and paucity of T-cell infiltration into the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment have hampered current established immunotherapies. Emerging approaches to recruit T cells, to convert phenotypically “cold” into “inflamed” tumors, and to vastly improve therapeutic indices hold exceptional promise. Here, we review these approaches, highlighting the role of the tumor microenvironment and novel antibody platforms to maximize the full clinical potential of immunotherapy in pediatric oncology.

中文翻译：

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小儿实体瘤的免疫治疗：在十字路口的治疗，重点在于抗体。

在过去的十年中，免疫疗法已迅速改变了许多血液系统恶性肿瘤和成人实体瘤的治疗前景和预后。尽管取得了成功，但针对小儿实体瘤的免疫治疗仍处于发展的早期阶段，并且尚未实现显着的临床益处，抗成神经细胞瘤的抗GD2除外。新表位的有限表达和T细胞向免疫抑制肿瘤微环境的浸润不足，阻碍了目前建立的免疫疗法。募集T细胞，将表型上的“冷”转变为“发炎”的肿瘤以及大幅改善治疗指标的新兴方法具有特殊的前景。在这里，我们回顾这些方法，