Abstract Metal-free carbon materials (MFCMs), as newly emerging efficient catalysts in persulfate-based advanced oxidation process (PS-AOP), have exhibited great engineering-application potential for environmental remediation. Nevertheless, the relationships between discrepant catalytic properties and structural/surface characteristics of MFCMs are still ambiguous. Herein, on the basis of the recent advances in experimental and theoretical researches, we provide a systematic review to give insight into the relationships among catalytic activity, microstructure and electrical properties of MFCMs in PS-AOP, where the catalytic diversities of MFCMs in different configurations (sp2, sp3 and amorphous) and dimensionalities (zero to three dimensional) are discussed in detail. Besides, the effects of different tailoring engineering approaches, such as structure defect, heteroatom doping, and regulation of pore structure and surface functional groups, on the catalytic activity of MFCMs in PS-AOP are thoroughly summarized. Finally, critical discussion and future prospects in the aspects of mechanism exploration and possible materials development are proposed to confront the existing challenges in the application of MFCMs in PS-AOP.

中文翻译：

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用于过硫酸盐基高级氧化工艺的无金属碳材料：微观结构、性能和裁剪

摘要 无金属碳材料（MFCMs）作为新兴的过硫酸盐基高级氧化工艺（PS-AOP）的高效催化剂，在环境修复方面具有巨大的工程应用潜力。然而，差异催化性能与 MFCM 的结构/表面特征之间的关系仍然不明确。在此，基于实验和理论研究的最新进展，我们系统回顾了 MFCMs 在 PS-AOP 中的催化活性、微观结构和电性能之间的关系，其中不同配置的 MFCMs 的催化多样性（sp2、sp3 和无定形）和维数（零到三维）进行了详细讨论。此外，不同剪裁工程方法的影响，全面总结了结构缺陷、杂原子掺杂、孔结构和表面官能团的调控等对 MFCMs 在 PS-AOP 中催化活性的影响。最后，提出了机制探索和可能的材料开发方面的批判性讨论和未来展望，以应对 MFCM 在 PS-AOP 中应用的现有挑战。