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The gut microbiota response to helminth infection depends on host sex and genotype.
The ISME Journal ( IF 10.8 ) Pub Date : 2020-01-31 , DOI: 10.1038/s41396-020-0589-3
Fei Ling 1, 2 , Natalie Steinel 2, 3, 4 , Jesse Weber 2, 5, 6 , Lei Ma 2, 7 , Chris Smith 2, 8 , Decio Correa 2 , Bin Zhu 1 , Daniel Bolnick 2, 9 , Gaoxue Wang 1
Affiliation  

Vertebrates' gut microbial communities can be altered by the hosts' parasites. Helminths inhabiting the gut lumen can interact directly with their host's microbiota via physical contact, chemical products, or competition for nutrients. Indirect interactions can also occur, for instance when helminths induce or suppress host immunity in ways that have collateral effects on the microbiota. If there is genetic variation in host immune responses to parasites, we would expect such indirect effects to be conditional on host genotype. To test for such genotype by infection interactions, we experimentally exposed Gasterosteus aculeatus to their naturally co-evolved parasite, Schistocephalus solidus. The host microbiota differed in response to parasite exposure, and between infected and uninfected fish. The magnitude and direction of microbial responses to infection differed between host sexes, and also differed between variants at autosomal quantitative trait loci. These results indicate that host genotype and sex regulate the effect of helminth infection on a vertebrate gut microbiota. If this result holds in other taxa, especially humans, then helminth-based therapeutics for dysbiosis might need to be tailored to host genotype and sex.

中文翻译:

肠道微生物对蠕虫感染的反应取决于宿主的性别和基因型。

宿主寄生虫可改变脊椎动物的肠道微生物群落。居住在肠腔中的蠕虫可以通过物理接触,化学产品或营养竞争与宿主微生物直接相互作用。间接相互作用也可能发生,例如当蠕虫以对微生物群产生附带影响的方式诱导或抑制宿主免疫力时。如果宿主对寄生虫的免疫反应存在遗传变异,那么我们期望这种间接作用取决于宿主的基因型。为了通过感染相互作用测试这种基因型,我们实验性地将Gasterosteus aculeatus暴露于其自然共同进化的寄生虫Schistocephalus solidus。宿主微生物群对寄生虫暴露的反应不同,在感染和未感染的鱼之间也不同。微生物对感染的反应的大小和方向在宿主性别之间是不同的,并且在常染色体定量性状基因座的变体之间也不同。这些结果表明宿主基因型和性别调节蠕虫感染对脊椎动物肠道菌群的影响。如果这一结果适用于其他生物分类群,尤其是人类,那么可能需要针对蠕虫病对生物失调症的治疗方法进行定制,以适应基因型和性别。
更新日期:2020-02-03
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