The discharge of emulsion, cationic dyes, and heavy metals often coexists in wastewaters, greatly enhancing the difficulty of processing. In this work, we fabricated a nonswelling silica–poly(acrylic acid) (SiO₂–PAA) composite through the surface modification of SiO₂ using PAA to remove emulsion, cationic dyes, and heavy metal co-contaminants simultaneously. In the SiO₂–PAA composite, PAA exists in a linear and divergent form rather than a network structure. Thus, SiO₂–PAA can gain the nonswelling property, provide abundant carboxyl groups as the binding sites for removal of pollutants, which is an important advanced feature of PAA-based materials, and improve the potential of practical application. The characterization results of SiO₂–PAA demonstrated that PAA was successfully grafted on SiO₂. In a monocomponent system, SiO₂–PAA exhibited excellent separation efficiency for cetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB)-stabilized emulsion separation and admirable adsorption capacity of 758.6 and 178.6 mg/g for methylene blue (MB) and Cr(III). This finding was ascribed to the exposure of carboxyl groups in SiO₂–PAA, which could increase the mass transfer efficiency. Importantly, the SiO₂–PAA composite exhibited high efficiency in the simultaneous uptake of CTAB-stabilized emulsion, MB, and Cr(III) co-contaminants. Thus, given the simple fabrication, efficient emulsion separation, admirable adsorption capacity, and excellent reusability of SiO₂–PAA, it exhibits striking potential for the efficient treatment of coexisting pollutants.

中文翻译：

---

高效，同时去除废水中阳离子染料，重金属和表面活性剂稳定化乳液的非溶胀性二氧化硅-聚（丙烯酸）复合材料

乳液，阳离子染料和重金属的排放通常与废水共存，大大增加了处理难度。在这项工作中，我们通过使用PAA去除乳液，阳离子染料和重金属共污染物的SiO ₂的表面改性，制备了非溶胀性的二氧化硅-聚（丙烯酸）（SiO ₂ -PAA）复合材料。在SiO ₂ -PAA复合材料中，PAA以线性和发散的形式而不是网络结构存在。因此，SiO ₂–PAA可获得非溶胀性，提供丰富的羧基作为去除污染物的结合位点，这是PAA基材料的重要高级特征，并提高了其实际应用的潜力。SiO ₂ -PAA的表征结果表明，PAA已成功接枝到SiO _2上。在单组分体系中，SiO ₂ -PAA对十六烷基三甲基溴化铵（CTAB）稳定的乳液分离具有优异的分离效率，对亚甲基蓝（MB）和Cr（III）的吸附能力达到令人称赞的758.6和178.6 mg / g。这一发现归因于SiO ₂ -PAA中羧基的暴露，这可以提高传质效率。重要的是SiO ₂–PAA复合材料在同时吸收CTAB稳定的乳液，MB和Cr（III）共污染物方面表现出高效率。因此，由于SiO ₂ -PAA的简单制造，有效的乳液分离，令人称赞的吸附能力和出色的可重复使用性，它对于有效处理共存污染物具有惊人的潜力。