Stable core microbial communities have been described in numerous animal species and are commonly associated with fitness benefits for their hosts. Recent research, however, highlights examples of species whose microbiota are transient and environmentally derived. Here, we test the effect of diet on gut microbial community assembly in the spider Badumna longinqua. Using 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing combined with quantitative PCR, we analyzed diversity and abundance of the spider's gut microbes, and simultaneously characterized its prey communities using nuclear rRNA markers. We found a clear correlation between community similarity of the spider's insect prey and gut microbial DNA, suggesting that microbiome assembly is primarily diet‐driven. This assumption is supported by a feeding experiment, in which two types of prey—crickets and fruit flies—both substantially altered microbial diversity and community similarity between spiders, but did so in different ways. After cricket consumption, numerous cricket‐derived microbes appeared in the spider's gut, resulting in a rapid homogenization of microbial communities among spiders. In contrast, few prey‐associated bacteria were detected after consumption of fruit flies; instead, the microbial community was remodelled by environmentally sourced microbes, or abundance shifts of rare taxa in the spider's gut. The reshaping of the microbiota by both prey taxa mimicked a stable core microbiome in the spiders for several weeks post feeding. Our results suggest that the spider's gut microbiome undergoes pronounced temporal fluctuations, that its assembly is dictated by the consumed prey, and that different prey taxa may remodel the microbiota in drastically different ways.

中文翻译：

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你吃什么 灰色房子蜘蛛Badumna longinqua中高度瞬态且受猎物影响的肠道微生物组。

稳定的核心微生物群落已在许多动物物种中得到描述，并且通常与其宿主的健身益处相关。然而，最近的研究突出了微生物群是瞬时的和环境来源的物种的例子。在这里，我们测试了饮食对蜘蛛Badumna longinqua肠道微生物群落组装的影响。使用16S rRNA基因扩增子测序结合定量PCR，我们分析了蜘蛛肠道微生物的多样性和丰度，同时使用核rRNA标记物表征了其猎物群落。我们发现蜘蛛的昆虫猎物的群落相似性与肠道微生物DNA之间存在明显的相关性，这表明微生物组的组装主要是饮食驱动的。这个假设得到了喂养实验的支持，在该实验中，cri和果蝇这两种类型的猎物都极大地改变了蜘蛛之间的微生物多样性和群落相似性，但是改变的方式不同。食用consumption后，蜘蛛的肠道中会出现许多cket来源的微生物，从而导致蜘蛛中的微生物群落迅速同质化。相反，食用果蝇后，几乎没有发现与猎物相关的细菌；取而代之的是，微生物群落被来自环境的微生物或蜘蛛肠道中稀有分类单元的大量转移所重塑。两个捕食类群对微生物群的重塑模仿了蜘蛛在进食后数周内稳定的核心微生物组。我们的研究结果表明，蜘蛛的肠道微生物组会经历明显的时间波动，其组装取决于所消耗的猎物，并且不同的猎物类群可能以完全不同的方式重塑微生物群。两个捕食类群对微生物群的重塑模仿了蜘蛛在进食后数周内稳定的核心微生物组。我们的研究结果表明，蜘蛛的肠道微生物组会经历明显的时间波动，其组装取决于所消耗的猎物，并且不同的猎物类群可能以完全不同的方式重塑微生物群。两个捕食类群对微生物群的重塑模仿了蜘蛛在进食后数周内稳定的核心微生物组。我们的研究结果表明，蜘蛛的肠道微生物组会经历明显的时间波动，其组装取决于所消耗的猎物，并且不同的猎物类群可能以完全不同的方式重塑微生物群。