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Parasite prevalence in intermediate hosts increases with waterbody age and abundance of final hosts.
Oecologia ( IF 2.3 ) Pub Date : 2020-02-01 , DOI: 10.1007/s00442-020-04600-4
Zhuoyan Song 1 , Heather Proctor 1
Affiliation  

Prevalence of a parasite may be influenced by age of the habitat (= time available for hosts and parasites to colonize habitats), assemblage composition of host and non-host species, or biotic and abiotic habitat features. For a trophically transmitted parasite, the intermediate host may be consumed by both final hosts and 'dead-end' predators that are incompetent to host the parasite. We tested biotic and abiotic factors that might influence parasite prevalence in a freshwater host-parasite system using a dataset collected from 36 water bodies in the vicinity of Edmonton, Alberta, Canada. In this system, eggs of thorny-headed worms (Acanthocephala: Polymorphus spp.) are eaten by intermediate-host amphipods (Gammarus lacustris Sars), which are then consumed by final vertebrate hosts (certain aquatic birds and muskrats) and various non-host waterbird species. We found that acanthocephalan prevalence in amphipods was positively correlated with waterbody age and with abundance of final-host species. In contrast, abundance of the intermediate host G. lacustris was less important and was negatively correlated with parasite prevalence ('encounter-dilution effect'). Similarly, parasite prevalence showed a marginally significant and negative correlation with abundance of 'dead-end' Gammarus-eating birds. We conclude that in our study system, time available for colonization and abundance of final hosts are more important for parasite prevalence in intermediate hosts than is abundance of intermediate and dead-end hosts.

中文翻译:

中间宿主的寄生虫患病率随水体年龄和最终宿主数量的增加而增加。

寄生虫的发病率可能会受到栖息地年龄(=寄主和寄生虫可用于定居的时间),寄主和非寄主物种的组合组成或生物和非生物栖息地特征的影响。对于通过营养传递的寄生虫,中间宿主可能会被最终宿主和不具备宿主寄生虫能力的“死胡同”捕食者所消耗。我们使用从加拿大艾伯塔省埃德蒙顿附近的36个水体收集的数据集,测试了可能影响淡水宿主-寄生虫系统中寄生虫流行的生物和非生物因素。在该系统中,棘突蠕虫(棘头虫:Polymorphus spp。)的卵被中间宿主两栖动物(Gammarus lacustris Sars)吃掉,然后被最终的脊椎动物宿主(某些水生鸟类和麝鼠)和各种非宿主水鸟消耗。我们发现两栖动物中棘脑动物的患病率与水体年龄和最终寄主物种的数量呈正相关。相比之下,中间宿主乳酸杆菌的丰度则不那么重要,并且与寄生虫患病率呈负相关(“稀释效应”)。同样,寄生虫患病率与“死角”食伽马鲁斯鸟的丰度略有显着负相关。我们得出结论,在我们的研究系统中,对于中间宿主中的寄生虫患病率而言,可用于定殖和最终宿主丰富的时间比对中端和死胡同宿主的丰富性更为重要。我们发现两栖动物中棘脑动物的患病率与水体年龄和最终寄主物种的数量呈正相关。相比之下,中间宿主乳酸杆菌的丰度则不那么重要,并且与寄生虫患病率呈负相关(“稀释效应”)。同样,寄生虫患病率与“死角”食伽马鲁斯鸟的丰度略有显着负相关。我们得出结论,在我们的研究系统中,对于中间宿主中的寄生虫患病率而言,可用于定殖和最终宿主丰富的时间比对中端和死胡同宿主的丰富性更为重要。我们发现两栖动物中棘脑动物的患病率与水体年龄和最终寄主物种的数量呈正相关。相比之下,中间宿主乳酸杆菌的丰度则不那么重要,并且与寄生虫患病率呈负相关(“稀释效应”)。同样,寄生虫的流行率与大量“死角”食伽马鲁斯的鸟类呈微弱的正相关。我们得出结论,在我们的研究系统中,对于中间宿主中的寄生虫患病率而言,可用于定殖和最终宿主丰富的时间比对中端和死胡同宿主的丰富性更为重要。乳酸杆菌的重要性较低,与寄生虫流行率呈负相关(“相稀释效应”)。同样,寄生虫的流行率与大量“死角”食伽马鲁斯的鸟类呈微弱的正相关。我们得出结论,在我们的研究系统中,对于中间宿主中的寄生虫患病率而言,可用于定殖和最终宿主丰富的时间比对中端和死胡同宿主的丰富性更为重要。乳酸杆菌的重要性较低,与寄生虫患病率呈负相关(“相遇稀释效应”)。同样,寄生虫的流行率与大量“死角”食伽马鲁斯的鸟类呈微弱的正相关。我们得出结论,在我们的研究系统中,对于中间宿主中的寄生虫患病率而言,可用于定殖和最终宿主丰富的时间比对中端和死胡同宿主的丰富性更为重要。
更新日期:2020-02-03
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