Abstract Superhydrophobic poly(vinylidene fluoride)/fluorinated ethylene propylene/SiO2 (PFS) composite coatings incorporating various carbon nanofillers, such as carbon nanotubes (CNTs), carbon nanofibers (CNFs), graphene nanoplates (GnPs) and carbon black (CB) respectively, were successfully fabricated by spraying. The scale-inhibition properties of these coatings were tested in a CaCO3 supersaturated solution, and the deposited CaCO3 scale was characterized with SEM and XRD. The effects of carbon nanofillers on the surface roughness, surface energy, and scale inhibition behaviors of different coatings were studied. In contrast with GnPs, CNFs and CB, the CNTs were dispersed more uniformly in the PVDF matrix and formed a stronger bond with the polymer matrix. The addition of CNTs changed the morphology, increased the surface roughness, and further reduced the surface energy of the superhydrophobic PFS-CNTs composite coating owing to the tackling effect of CNTs. A stable air film was maintained on the surface of superhydrophobic PFS-CNTs composite coating, which was more favorable for superhydrophobic retention by wrapping air in the saturated CaCO3 solution. The CaCO3 scaling rate on the superhydrophobic PFS-CNTs composite coating was only 44 % of that on the hydrophobic PFS composite coating, which showing the highest antiscaling performance.

中文翻译：

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超疏水聚偏二氟乙烯复合涂层的防垢：碳纳米管的处理效果

摘要 超疏水聚偏二氟乙烯/氟化乙烯丙烯/SiO2 (PFS) 复合涂层包含各种碳纳米填料，如碳纳米管 (CNTs)、碳纳米纤维 (CNFs)、石墨烯纳米片 (GnPs) 和炭黑 (CB)，喷涂成功。这些涂层的阻垢性能在 CaCO3 过饱和溶液中测试，沉积的 CaCO3 水垢用 SEM 和 XRD 表征。研究了碳纳米填料对不同涂层表面粗糙度、表面能和阻垢行为的影响。与 GnP、CNF 和 CB 相比，CNT 更均匀地分散在 PVDF 基体中，并与聚合物基体形成更强的键。碳纳米管的加入改变了形态，增加了表面粗糙度，由于碳纳米管的解决作用，进一步降低了超疏水性 PFS-碳纳米管复合涂层的表面能。超疏水性 PFS-CNTs 复合涂层表面保持稳定的空气膜，将空气包裹在饱和 CaCO3 溶液中更有利于超疏水性保留。超疏水性 PFS-CNTs 复合涂层上的 CaCO3 结垢率仅为疏水性 PFS 复合涂层上的 44%，显示出最高的防垢性能。