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Diversity, plant growth promoting traits and biocontrol potential of fungal endophytes of Sorghum bicolor
Plant Pathology ( IF 2.3 ) Pub Date : 2020-05-01 , DOI: 10.1111/ppa.13151 Sollepura B. Rajini 1 , Murali Nandhini 1 , Arkere C. Udayashankar 1 , Siddapura R. Niranjana 1 , Ole S. Lund 2 , Harischandra S. Prakash 1
Plant Pathology ( IF 2.3 ) Pub Date : 2020-05-01 , DOI: 10.1111/ppa.13151 Sollepura B. Rajini 1 , Murali Nandhini 1 , Arkere C. Udayashankar 1 , Siddapura R. Niranjana 1 , Ole S. Lund 2 , Harischandra S. Prakash 1
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The diversity of fungal endophytes in Sorghum bicolor was investigated in samples collected from 10 different geographical regions of Karnataka state, India. A total of 360 endophytes were isolated from leaf, stem, and root tissues and were assigned to 26 fungal species based on morphology and molecular characterization using ITS sequences. All the endophytes belonged to the phylum Ascomycota. The diversity (Shannon H, 2.57; Simpson_1‐D, 0.92) and species richness (Margalef's, 4.68; Menhinick, 3.61) were found to be higher for the endophytes isolated from leaf tissues. The species evenness of the endophytic assemblage was strongly influenced by tissue type, followed by geographical location. The biocontrol potential of isolated endophytes was evaluated against economically destructive sorghum grain mould pathogens such as Fusarium thapsinum, Epicoccum sorghinum, Alternaria alternata, and Curvularia lunata using the dual culture method. Biocontrol potential was exhibited by 26 endophytic isolates, of which Trichoderma asperellum recorded broad‐spectrum activity against target pathogens, followed by E. nigrum and A. longipes. Most (82%) endophytes showed plant growth‐promoting traits. Biosynthesis of indole‐3‐acetic acid (IAA) was observed in 84% of isolates, and phosphate solubilization, siderophore production, and cellulase activity was observed in 69%, 23%, and 27% of isolates, respectively. Seeds treated with T. asperellum exhibited a significantly higher seed vigour index (2096), germination percentage (94%), and yield under greenhouse and field conditions. The results were substantiated by the confocal microscopy analysis, which clearly demonstrated the colonization of treated endophyte in root tissues. The present study reveals an ecofriendly approach to explore T. asperellum in sorghum disease management.
中文翻译：
双色高粱内生真菌多样性、促植物性状及生防潜力
在从印度卡纳塔克邦 10 个不同地理区域收集的样品中研究了双色高粱中真菌内生菌的多样性。总共从叶、茎和根组织中分离出 360 种内生菌，并基于形态学和使用 ITS 序列的分子表征将其分配到 26 个真菌物种。所有的内生菌都属于子囊菌门。发现从叶组织中分离出的内生菌的多样性（Shannon H，2.57；Simpson_1-D，0.92）和物种丰富度（Margalef's，4.68；Menhinick，3.61）更高。内生组合的物种均匀度受组织类型的强烈影响，其次是地理位置。针对经济破坏性高粱谷物霉菌病原体（如 Fusarium thapsinum、Epicoccum sorghinum、Alternaria alternata 和 Curvularia lunata 使用双重培养方法。26 个内生分离株表现出生物防治潜力，其中 Trichoderma asperellum 记录了针对目标病原体的广谱活性，其次是 E. nigrum 和 A. longipes。大多数 (82%) 内生菌表现出促进植物生长的性状。在 84% 的分离株中观察到吲哚-3-乙酸 (IAA) 的生物合成，分别在 69%、23% 和 27% 的分离株中观察到磷酸盐溶解、铁载体产生和纤维素酶活性。用 T. asperellum 处理的种子在温室和田间条件下表现出显着更高的种子活力指数 (2096)、发芽率 (94%) 和产量。结果由共聚焦显微镜分析证实，这清楚地证明了处理过的内生菌在根组织中的定植。本研究揭示了一种在高粱病害管理中探索 T. asperellum 的生态友好方法。
更新日期：2020-05-01
中文翻译：
双色高粱内生真菌多样性、促植物性状及生防潜力
在从印度卡纳塔克邦 10 个不同地理区域收集的样品中研究了双色高粱中真菌内生菌的多样性。总共从叶、茎和根组织中分离出 360 种内生菌，并基于形态学和使用 ITS 序列的分子表征将其分配到 26 个真菌物种。所有的内生菌都属于子囊菌门。发现从叶组织中分离出的内生菌的多样性（Shannon H，2.57；Simpson_1-D，0.92）和物种丰富度（Margalef's，4.68；Menhinick，3.61）更高。内生组合的物种均匀度受组织类型的强烈影响，其次是地理位置。针对经济破坏性高粱谷物霉菌病原体（如 Fusarium thapsinum、Epicoccum sorghinum、Alternaria alternata 和 Curvularia lunata 使用双重培养方法。26 个内生分离株表现出生物防治潜力，其中 Trichoderma asperellum 记录了针对目标病原体的广谱活性，其次是 E. nigrum 和 A. longipes。大多数 (82%) 内生菌表现出促进植物生长的性状。在 84% 的分离株中观察到吲哚-3-乙酸 (IAA) 的生物合成，分别在 69%、23% 和 27% 的分离株中观察到磷酸盐溶解、铁载体产生和纤维素酶活性。用 T. asperellum 处理的种子在温室和田间条件下表现出显着更高的种子活力指数 (2096)、发芽率 (94%) 和产量。结果由共聚焦显微镜分析证实，这清楚地证明了处理过的内生菌在根组织中的定植。本研究揭示了一种在高粱病害管理中探索 T. asperellum 的生态友好方法。
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