The world's oceans are becoming increasingly polluted by plastic waste. In the marine environment, larger plastic pieces may degrade into nanoscale (<100 nm in at least one dimension) plastic particles due to natural weathering effects. We observe that the presence of 20 nm plastic nanoparticles at concentrations below 200 ppm had no impact on planktonic growth of a panel of heterotrophic marine bacteria. However, the presence of plastic nanoparticles significantly impacted the formation of biofilms in a species‐specific manner. While carboxylated nanoparticles increased the amount of biofilm formed by several species, amidine‐functionalized nanoparticles decreased the amount of biofilm of many but not all bacteria. Further experiments suggested that the aggregation dynamics of bacteria and nanoparticles were strongly impacted by the surface properties of the nanoparticles. The community structure of an artificially constructed community of marine bacteria was significantly altered by exposure to plastic nanoparticles, with differently functionalized nanoparticles selecting for unique and reproducible community abundance patterns. These results suggest that surface properties and concentration of plastic nanoparticles, as well as species interactions, are important factors determining how plastic nanoparticles impact biofilm formation by marine bacteria.

中文翻译：

---

海洋细菌形成生物膜的过程受物种特定方式下聚苯乙烯纳米颗粒的浓度和表面功能化的影响。

塑料废物污染了世界海洋。在海洋环境中，由于自然风化作用，较大的塑料片可能会降解为纳米级（至少一维<100 nm）的塑料颗粒。我们观察到浓度低于200 ppm的20 nm塑料纳米颗粒的存在对一组异养海洋细菌的浮游生物生长没有影响。但是，塑料纳米颗粒的存在以物种特定的方式显着影响了生物膜的形成。尽管羧化的纳米颗粒增加了几种物种形成的生物膜的数量，但am官能化的纳米颗粒却降低了许多细菌的生物膜的数量，但并非所有细菌都如此。进一步的实验表明细菌和纳米颗粒的聚集动力学受到纳米颗粒表面性质的强烈影响。通过暴露于塑料纳米颗粒，人工构建的海洋细菌群落的群落结构发生了显着变化，功能不同的纳米颗粒选择了独特且可再现的群落丰度模式。这些结果表明，塑料纳米颗粒的表面性质和浓度以及物种之间的相互作用，是决定塑料纳米颗粒如何影响海洋细菌形成生物膜的重要因素。具有不同功能的纳米粒子，可以选择独特且可复制的群落丰度模式。这些结果表明，塑料纳米颗粒的表面性质和浓度以及物种之间的相互作用，是决定塑料纳米颗粒如何影响海洋细菌形成生物膜的重要因素。具有不同功能的纳米粒子，可以选择独特且可复制的群落丰度模式。这些结果表明，塑料纳米颗粒的表面性质和浓度以及物种之间的相互作用，是决定塑料纳米颗粒如何影响海洋细菌形成生物膜的重要因素。