The spatiotemporal dynamics for marine viral populations has only recently been explored. However, nothing is known about temporal activities of the uncultured Pelagibacter virus vSAG 37‐F6, which was discovered by single‐virus genomics as potentially the most abundant marine virus. Here, we investigate the diel cycling of 37‐F6 virus and the putative SAR11 host using coastal and oceanic transcriptomic and viromic time‐series data from Osaka Bay and North Pacific Subtropical Gyre. Virus 37‐F6 and relatives displayed diel cycling of transcriptional activities synchronized with its putative host. In both virus and host, the lowest transcription rates were observed at 14:00–15:00, coinciding roughly with maximum solar irradiance, while higher transcriptional rates were detected during the night/early morning and afternoon. Diel abundance of free viruses of 37‐F6 in seawater roughly mirrored the transcriptional activities of both virus and host. In Osaka Bay, among viral relatives (genus level), virus 37‐F6 specifically showed the highest ratio of transcriptional activity to virome abundance, a proxy for viral transcriptional activity relative to free viral particle abundance. This high ratio suggests high infection rate efficiencies in vSAG 37‐F6 virus compared to viral relatives. Thus, time‐series data revealed temporal transcript activities in one of the most abundant viruses in Earth.

中文翻译：

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世界性丰富的Pelagibacter病毒37-F6的Diel循环：地球上最丰富的病毒之一。

只是最近才研究了海洋病毒种群的时空动态。但是，关于未经培养的Pelagibacter病毒vSAG 37-F6的时间活性一无所知，后者被单病毒基因组学发现为可能是最丰富的海洋病毒。在这里，我们使用大阪湾和北太平洋亚热带环流的沿海和海洋转录组和病毒学时间序列数据，研究了37-F6病毒和推定的SAR11宿主的diel循环。37-F6病毒及其亲属显示出与假定宿主同步的转录活动的迪尔循环。在病毒和宿主中，在14：00-15：00观察到最低的转录率，这与最大的太阳辐射大致吻合，而在夜晚/清晨和下午检测到较高的转录率。海水中37-F6游离病毒的Diel含量大致反映了病毒和宿主的转录活性。在大阪湾，在病毒亲属中（属水平），病毒37-F6特别显示出转录活性与病毒丰度的最高比率，这是相对于游离病毒颗粒丰度而言病毒转录活性的代表。这个高比率表明vSAG 37-F6病毒与病毒亲属相比具有较高的感染率效率。因此，时间序列数据揭示了地球上最丰富的病毒之一中的转录本活动。相对于游离病毒颗粒丰度的病毒转录活性的替代物。这个高比率表明vSAG 37-F6病毒与病毒亲属相比具有较高的感染率效率。因此，时间序列数据揭示了地球上最丰富的病毒之一中的转录本活动。相对于游离病毒颗粒丰度的病毒转录活性的替代物。这个高比率表明vSAG 37-F6病毒与病毒亲属相比具有较高的感染率效率。因此，时间序列数据揭示了地球上最丰富的病毒之一中的转录本活动。