Nanotechnology is reshaping health care strategies and is expected to exert a tremendous impact in the coming years offering better healthcare facilities. It has led to not only therapeutic drug delivery feasibility but also to diagnostics. Materials in the size of nano range (1-100 nm) used in the design, fabrication, regulation, and application of therapeutic drugs or devices are classified as medical nanotechnology and nanopharmacology. Delivery of more complex molecules to the specific site of action as well as gene therapy has pushed forward the nanoparticle-based drug delivery to its maximum. Areas that benefit from nano-based drug delivery systems are cancer, diabetes, infectious diseases, neurodegenerative diseases, blood disorders and orthopedic-related ailments. Moreover, development of nanotherapeutics with multi-functionalities has a considerable potential to fill the gaps that exist in the present therapeutic domain. In cancer treatment, nanomedicines have superiority over current therapeutic practices as they can effectively deliver the drug to the affected tissues, thus reducing drug toxicities. Along this line, polymeric conjugates of asparaginase and polymeric micelles of paclitaxel have recently been recommended for the treatment of various types of cancers. Nanotechnology-based therapeutics and diagnostics provide greater effectiveness with less or no toxicity concerns. Similarly, diagnostic imaging holds promising future applications with newer nano-level imaging elements. Advancements in nanotechnology have emerged to a newer direction which use nanorobotics for various applications in healthcare. Accordingly, this review comprehensively highlights the potentialities of various nanocarriers and nanomedicines for multifaceted applications in diagnostics and drug delivery, especially the potentialities of polymeric nanoparticle, nanoemulsion, solid-lipid nanoparticle, nanostructured lipid carrier, self-micellizing anticancer lipids, dendrimer, nanocapsule and nanosponge-based therapeutic approaches in the field of cancer. Furthermore, this article summarizes the most recent literature pertaining to the use of nano-technology in the field of medicine, particularly in treating cancer patients.

中文翻译：

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用纳米治疗和纳米诊断靶向癌细胞：现状和未来展望。

纳米技术正在重塑医疗保健战略，预计将在未来几年产生巨大影响，提供更好的医疗保健设施。它不仅带来了治疗药物输送的可行性，而且还带来了诊断。用于治疗药物或装置的设计、制造、调节和应用的纳米范围（1-100 nm）尺寸的材料被归类为医学纳米技术和纳米药理学。将更复杂的分子递送到特定的作用部位以及基因治疗已经将基于纳米颗粒的药物递送推向了最大。受益于纳米药物输送系统的领域包括癌症、糖尿病、传染病、神经退行性疾病、血液疾病和骨科相关疾病。而且，开发具有多功能的纳米疗法具有填补当前治疗领域存在的空白的巨大潜力。在癌症治疗中，纳米药物优于目前的治疗实践，因为它们可以有效地将药物输送到受影响的组织，从而降低药物毒性。沿着这条线，最近已推荐天冬酰胺酶的聚合缀合物和紫杉醇的聚合胶束用于治疗各种类型的癌症。基于纳米技术的治疗和诊断提供了更高的有效性，而毒性问题更少或没有。同样，诊断成像在未来应用新的纳米级成像元件方面很有前景。纳米技术的进步已经出现在一个新的方向，即使用纳米机器人技术在医疗保健中的各种应用。因此，本综述全面强调了各种纳米载体和纳米药物在诊断和药物递送中的多方面应用的潜力，特别是聚合物纳米颗粒、纳米乳液、固体脂质纳米颗粒、纳米结构脂质载体、自胶束化抗癌脂质、树枝状大分子、纳米胶囊和癌症领域中基于纳米海绵的治疗方法。此外，本文总结了有关纳米技术在医学领域，特别是在治疗癌症患者方面的最新文献。固体脂质纳米颗粒、纳米结构脂质载体、自胶束化抗癌脂质、树枝状大分子、纳米胶囊和基于纳米海绵的癌症治疗方法。此外，本文总结了有关纳米技术在医学领域，特别是在治疗癌症患者方面的最新文献。固体脂质纳米颗粒、纳米结构脂质载体、自胶束化抗癌脂质、树枝状大分子、纳米胶囊和基于纳米海绵的癌症治疗方法。此外，本文总结了有关纳米技术在医学领域，特别是在治疗癌症患者方面的最新文献。