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Rapid Screening for Uranium in Soils Using Field-Portable X-ray Fluorescence Spectrometer: A Comparative Study
ACS Earth and Space Chemistry ( IF 2.9 ) Pub Date : 2020-02-10 , DOI: 10.1021/acsearthspacechem.9b00272 Georgio Proctor 1 , Hanrui Wang 1 , Steven L. Larson 2 , John H. Ballard 2 , Heather Knotek-Smith 2 , Charles Waggonor 3 , Ron Unz 3 , Jiangxia Li 1 , Jackeline McComb 1 , Decheng Jin 1 , Zikri Arslan 1 , Fengxiang Han 1
ACS Earth and Space Chemistry ( IF 2.9 ) Pub Date : 2020-02-10 , DOI: 10.1021/acsearthspacechem.9b00272 Georgio Proctor 1 , Hanrui Wang 1 , Steven L. Larson 2 , John H. Ballard 2 , Heather Knotek-Smith 2 , Charles Waggonor 3 , Ron Unz 3 , Jiangxia Li 1 , Jackeline McComb 1 , Decheng Jin 1 , Zikri Arslan 1 , Fengxiang Han 1
Affiliation
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Depleted uranium (DU) armor-penetrating munitions are used on testing and training ranges leading to elevated concentrations of U in range soils. To prevent exposure from secure areas contaminated with DU hotspots, easy and rapid screening methods are needed. This study explores the feasibility of field-portable X-ray fluorescence (FPXRF) spectrometry as a fast screening tool for locating hotspots of DU in the field. Direct comparisons of results were made for U concentrations in the soil obtained using FPXRF spectrometry and measurement of U using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP–MS) after acid digestion. The environmental samples included both field-range contaminated soils collected at a munition testing facility and soils spiked with uranium dioxide, uranium trioxide, and uranyl nitrate. Using U concentrations measured with ICP–MS from split samples, FPXRF operating procedures and conditions such as analysis time, soil moisture content, sample amount, and sample packing factors were optimized. Results showed that the FPXRF technique yielded similar U concentrations as ICP–MS measurements after acid digestion in both standard soil (NIST) samples and DU-contaminated range soils. In field-contaminated soils, U values with FPXRF were 88.8% of the measurements with ICP–MS with a significant correlation (R2: 0.98, n = 8). Sample preparation affected the uranium concentration measurements made with FPXRF in the laboratory and in the field. A loose packing of the samples in the sample containers, higher sample occupancy, and low soil moisture yielded significantly higher U concentrations by 4–5, 15–50, and 43%, respectively. The measured soil U concentrations were not affected by the variation of the sample analysis time. This study suggests that FPXRF is a promising fast screening tool for field DU hotspots as well as detection/location of penetrators in the fields that can increase the ability to rapidly and inexpensively manage DU on ranges and help ensure sustainable use of DU munitions on testing and training ranges.
中文翻译：
使用便携式X射线荧光光谱仪快速筛选土壤中的铀的比较研究
贫铀（DU）穿甲弹药用于测试和训练靶场，导致靶场土壤中的U浓度升高。为了防止暴露在受DU热点污染的安全区域中，需要简便，快速的筛选方法。本研究探讨了现场便携式X射线荧光（FPXRF）光谱法作为快速筛选DU现场热点的工具的可行性。直接比较了使用FPXRF光谱仪获得的土壤中的U浓度和酸消解后使用电感耦合等离子体质谱仪（ICP-MS）测量的U值。环境样品包括在弹药测试设施处收集的田间污染土壤和掺有二氧化铀，三氧化铀和硝酸铀酰的土壤。使用ICP-MS从分离样品中测得的U浓度，可以优化FPXRF操作程序和条件，例如分析时间，土壤含水量，样品量和样品填充因子。结果表明，FPXRF技术在酸消解后在标准土壤（NIST）样品和DU污染范围土壤中产生的U浓度与ICP-MS测量值相似。在田地污染的土壤中，FPXRF的U值是ICP-MS测量值的88.8％，具有显着的相关性（结果表明，FPXRF技术在酸消解后在标准土壤（NIST）样品和DU污染范围土壤中产生的U浓度与ICP-MS测量值相似。在田地污染的土壤中，FPXRF的U值是ICP-MS测量值的88.8％，具有显着的相关性（结果表明，FPXRF技术在酸消解后在标准土壤（NIST）样品和DU污染范围土壤中产生的U浓度与ICP-MS测量值相似。在田地污染的土壤中，FPXRF的U值是ICP-MS测量值的88.8％，具有显着的相关性（R 2：0.98，n＝ 8）。样品制备影响了在实验室和现场使用FPXRF进行的铀浓度测量。样品容器中样品的松散包装，较高的样品占用率和较低的土壤湿度分别显着提高了4-5％，15-50％和43％的U浓度。测得的土壤U浓度不受样品分析时间变化的影响。这项研究表明，FPXRF是现场DU热点以及现场穿透物的检测/定位的有前途的快速筛选工具，可以提高快速，廉价地管理DU的能力，并有助于确保在测试和测试中可持续使用DU弹药。训练范围。
更新日期：2020-02-10
中文翻译：
使用便携式X射线荧光光谱仪快速筛选土壤中的铀的比较研究
贫铀（DU）穿甲弹药用于测试和训练靶场，导致靶场土壤中的U浓度升高。为了防止暴露在受DU热点污染的安全区域中，需要简便，快速的筛选方法。本研究探讨了现场便携式X射线荧光（FPXRF）光谱法作为快速筛选DU现场热点的工具的可行性。直接比较了使用FPXRF光谱仪获得的土壤中的U浓度和酸消解后使用电感耦合等离子体质谱仪（ICP-MS）测量的U值。环境样品包括在弹药测试设施处收集的田间污染土壤和掺有二氧化铀，三氧化铀和硝酸铀酰的土壤。使用ICP-MS从分离样品中测得的U浓度，可以优化FPXRF操作程序和条件，例如分析时间，土壤含水量，样品量和样品填充因子。结果表明，FPXRF技术在酸消解后在标准土壤（NIST）样品和DU污染范围土壤中产生的U浓度与ICP-MS测量值相似。在田地污染的土壤中，FPXRF的U值是ICP-MS测量值的88.8％，具有显着的相关性（结果表明，FPXRF技术在酸消解后在标准土壤（NIST）样品和DU污染范围土壤中产生的U浓度与ICP-MS测量值相似。在田地污染的土壤中，FPXRF的U值是ICP-MS测量值的88.8％，具有显着的相关性（结果表明，FPXRF技术在酸消解后在标准土壤（NIST）样品和DU污染范围土壤中产生的U浓度与ICP-MS测量值相似。在田地污染的土壤中，FPXRF的U值是ICP-MS测量值的88.8％，具有显着的相关性（R 2：0.98，n＝ 8）。样品制备影响了在实验室和现场使用FPXRF进行的铀浓度测量。样品容器中样品的松散包装，较高的样品占用率和较低的土壤湿度分别显着提高了4-5％，15-50％和43％的U浓度。测得的土壤U浓度不受样品分析时间变化的影响。这项研究表明，FPXRF是现场DU热点以及现场穿透物的检测/定位的有前途的快速筛选工具，可以提高快速，廉价地管理DU的能力，并有助于确保在测试和测试中可持续使用DU弹药。训练范围。
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