There has been evidence that the disturbances of TNF-α and the oxidative stress (OxS) status are involved in the mechanism of schizophrenia. However, the results of their levels in schizophrenia are still controversial, and their interactions have not yet been examined, especially in first-episode drug-naïve (FEDN) patients. We therefore applied Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) method to compare peripheral blood serum TNF-α, superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), catalase (CAT), and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels in 119 FEDN patients with schizophrenia and 135 healthy controls. We found that TNF-α and MDA were higher, whereas GSH-Px was lower, in FEDN patients with schizophrenia compared to healthy controls (TNF-α, 2.21 ± 0.33 vs. 2.11 ± 0.36, Bonferroni p = 0.04; MDA, 2.95 ± 0.87 vs. 2.68 ± 0.76, Bonferroni p = 0.04, GSH-Px, 177.33 ± 28.84 vs. 188.32 ± 29.34, Bonferroni p = 0.03). Furthermore, TNF-α levels had an independent positive association with negative symptoms (r = 0.37, Bonferroni p < 0.001). Finally, GSH-Px levels were negatively associated with the presence of schizophrenia (B =-0.014, Wald statistic = 9.22, p = 0.002, 95 %CI = 0.97-0.99), while the interaction of TNF-α with MDA was a risk factor for schizophrenia (B = 0.22, Wald statistic = 10.06, p = 0.002, 95 %CI = 1.09-1.43). Our results suggest that TNF-α and disturbance of oxidative stress status as well as their interaction may be involved in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia.

中文翻译：

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TNF-α 与氧化应激状态在首发药物初治精神分裂症中的相互作用

有证据表明 TNF-α 的紊乱和氧化应激 (OxS) 状态与精神分裂症的机制有关。然而，它们在精神分裂症中的水平结果仍然存在争议，它们的相互作用尚未得到检验，尤其是在首次用药 (FEDN) 患者中。因此，我们应用酶联免疫吸附测定 (ELISA) 方法来比较 119 名 FEDN 患者的外周血血清 TNF-α、超氧化物歧化酶 (SOD)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶 (GSH-Px)、过氧化氢酶 (CAT) 和丙二醛 (MDA) 水平患有精神分裂症和 135 名健康对照者。我们发现，与健康对照相比，FEDN 精神分裂症患者的 TNF-α 和 MDA 较高，而 GSH-Px 较低（TNF-α，2.21 ± 0.33 vs. 2.11 ± 0.36，Bonferroni p = 0.04；MDA，2.95 ± 0.87 与 2.68 ± 0.76，邦费罗尼 p = 0.04，GSH-Px，177.33 ± 28.84 与 188.32 ± 29.34，Bonferroni p = 0.03）。此外，TNF-α 水平与阴性症状呈独立的正相关（r = 0.37，Bonferroni p < 0.001）。最后，GSH-Px 水平与精神分裂症的存在呈负相关（B =-0.014，Wald 统计量 = 9.22，p = 0.002，95%CI = 0.97-0.99），而 TNF-α 与 MDA 的相互作用是一种风险精神分裂症的因子（B = 0.22，Wald 统计量 = 10.06，p = 0.002，95%CI = 1.09-1.43）。我们的研究结果表明 TNF-α 和氧化应激状态的紊乱及其相互作用可能参与了精神分裂症的病理生理学。GSH-Px 水平与精神分裂症的存在呈负相关（B =-0.014，Wald 统计量 = 9.22，p = 0.002，95%CI = 0.97-0.99），而 TNF-α 与 MDA 的相互作用是精神分裂症的危险因素精神分裂症（B = 0.22，Wald 统计量 = 10.06，p = 0.002，95%CI = 1.09-1.43）。我们的研究结果表明 TNF-α 和氧化应激状态的紊乱及其相互作用可能参与了精神分裂症的病理生理学。GSH-Px 水平与精神分裂症的存在呈负相关（B =-0.014，Wald 统计量 = 9.22，p = 0.002，95%CI = 0.97-0.99），而 TNF-α 与 MDA 的相互作用是精神分裂症的危险因素精神分裂症（B = 0.22，Wald 统计量 = 10.06，p = 0.002，95%CI = 1.09-1.43）。我们的研究结果表明 TNF-α 和氧化应激状态的紊乱及其相互作用可能参与了精神分裂症的病理生理学。