Pharmacologic advancements in the treatment of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) has extended the life expectancy of people living with HIV (PLWH). An unfortunate side effect of HIV treatment, however, is an increased prevalence of dyslipidemia, glycemic dysregulation and abnormal distribution of body fat (lipodystrophy). Consequently, the risk of developing cardiovascular disease (CVD) is significantly increased in PLWH and ultimately a major cause of mortality. Physical activity and exercise training are interventions that have effectively protected against the development of CVD and, in the presence of CVD, has help mitigate morbidity and mortality. Early concerns over potential immunosuppressive effects of exercise in PLWH have largely been dispelled and in some cases exercise has been shown to strengthen markers of immune function. Interventions with aerobic exercise, resistance exercise, and their combination, particularly at higher intensities, are showing promising health outcomes in PLWH. This review will summarize the key cardiovascular and metabolic effects of antiretroviral therapy; the effects of the types and intensities of exercise on cardiorespiratory fitness, cardiometabolic markers, and muscle strength; and provide recommendations on strategies to apply exercise interventions in clinical settings.

中文翻译：

---

进行体育锻炼和锻炼以改善艾滋病毒携带者的心血管健康。

治疗人类免疫缺陷病毒（HIV）的药理学进展已延长了HIV感染者（PLWH）的预期寿命。但是，艾滋病毒治疗的不幸副作用是血脂异常，血糖失调和体脂分布异常（脂肪营养不良）的患病率增加。因此，PLWH中罹患心血管疾病（CVD）的风险显着增加，并最终成为死亡的主要原因。体育锻炼和运动训练是有效预防心血管疾病发展的干预措施，并且在存在心血管疾病的情况下，有助于减轻发病率和死亡率。人们早已消除了对运动对PLWH的潜在免疫抑制作用的担忧，在某些情况下，运动已显示出增强免疫功能的标志。有氧运动，抵抗运动及其组合的干预，尤其是在较高强度下的干预，在PLWH中显示出可喜的健康结果。这篇综述将总结抗逆转录病毒疗法对心血管和代谢的关键作用；运动类型和强度对心肺健康，心脏代谢指标和肌肉力量的影响；并提供有关将运动干预措施应用于临床的策略的建议。和肌肉力量；并提供有关将运动干预措施应用于临床的策略的建议。和肌肉力量；并提供有关将运动干预措施应用于临床的策略的建议。