Abstract An approach to extend the near-wall treatment approach of RANS turbulence models using wall functions for rough surfaces is proposed. The formulation is consistent with the low-Reynolds number turbulence model roughness extension, leading to reduced near-wall grid spacing dependence and accurate predictions for a large range of k s + / y + values. The formulation is further extended to the temperature wall functions and heat transfer prediction is assessed. The drawbacks of using the Reynolds analogy assumption are highlighted and three thermal corrections to improve these drawbacks are also examined. In particular, the correction term by Aupoix (2015), which accounts for the effect of the wetted surface area, is incorporated in the wall function formulation. This correction term significantly improves predictions as compared to the other two thermal correction terms at the expense of adding an additional physical parameter.

中文翻译：

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壁函数的一致表面粗糙度扩展

摘要 提出了一种使用粗糙表面的壁函数来扩展 RANS 湍流模型的近壁处理方法的方法。该公式与低雷诺数湍流模型粗糙度扩展一致，从而减少了近壁网格间距的依赖性并准确预测了大范围的 ks + / y + 值。该公式进一步扩展到温度壁函数并评估传热预测。强调了使用雷诺类比假设的缺点，并且还检查了三个用于改善这些缺点的热校正。特别是，Aupoix (2015) 的修正项，它说明了润湿表面积的影响，被包含在壁函数公式中。