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Phasor Measurement Units Optimal Placement and Performance Limits for Fault Localization
IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications ( IF 13.8 ) Pub Date : 2020-01-01 , DOI: 10.1109/jsac.2019.2951971
Mahdi Jamei , Raksha Ramakrishna , Teklemariam Tesfay , Reinhard Gentz , Ciaran Roberts , Anna Scaglione , Sean Peisert

In this paper, the performance limits of faults localization are investigated using synchrophasor data. The focus is on a non-trivial operating regime where the number of Phasor Measurement Unit (PMU) sensors available is insufficient to have full observability of the grid state. Proposed analysis uses the Kullback Leibler (KL) divergence between the distributions corresponding to different fault location hypotheses associated with the observation model. This analysis shows that the most likely locations are concentrated in clusters of buses more tightly connected to the actual fault site akin to graph communities. Consequently, a PMU placement strategy is derived that achieves a near-optimal resolution for localizing faults for a given number of sensors. The problem is also analyzed from the perspective of sampling a graph signal, and how the placement of the PMUs i.e. the spatial sampling pattern and the topological characteristic of the grid affect the ability to successfully localize faults. To highlight the superior performance of presented fault localization and placement algorithms, the proposed strategy is applied to a modified IEEE 34, IEEE-123 bus test cases and to data from a real distribution grid. Additionally, the detection of cyber-physical attacks is also examined where PMU data and relevant Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) network traffic information are compared to determine if a network breach has affected the integrity of the system information and/or operations.

中文翻译:

用于故障定位的相量测量单元的最佳放置和性能限制

在本文中,使用同步相量数据研究了故障定位的性能限制。重点是一个重要的运行机制,其中可用的相量测量单元 (PMU) 传感器的数量不足以完全观察电网状态。建议的分析使用与观测模型相关的不同故障位置假设对应的分布之间的 Kullback Leibler (KL) 散度。该分析表明,最有可能的位置集中在更紧密地连接到类似于图形社区的实际故障站点的总线集群中。因此,推导出了一种 PMU 放置策略,该策略为给定数量的传感器定位故障实现了接近最佳的分辨率。问题也是从采样一个图信号的角度分析的,以及 PMU 的位置,即空间采样模式和电网的拓扑特征如何影响成功定位故障的能力。为了突出所提出的故障定位和放置算法的卓越性能,将所提出的策略应用于修改后的 IEEE 34、IEEE-123 总线测试用例和来自真实配电网的数据。此外,还检查了网络物理攻击的检测,其中比较了 PMU 数据和相关的监督控制和数据采集 (SCADA) 网络流量信息,以确定网络漏洞是否影响了系统信息和/或操作的完整性。为了突出所提出的故障定位和放置算法的卓越性能,将所提出的策略应用于修改后的 IEEE 34、IEEE-123 总线测试用例和来自真实配电网的数据。此外,还检查了网络物理攻击的检测,其中比较了 PMU 数据和相关的监督控制和数据采集 (SCADA) 网络流量信息,以确定网络漏洞是否影响了系统信息和/或操作的完整性。为了突出所提出的故障定位和放置算法的卓越性能,将所提出的策略应用于修改后的 IEEE 34、IEEE-123 总线测试用例和来自真实配电网的数据。此外,还检查了网络物理攻击的检测,其中比较了 PMU 数据和相关的监督控制和数据采集 (SCADA) 网络流量信息,以确定网络漏洞是否影响了系统信息和/或操作的完整性。
更新日期:2020-01-01
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