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Optimizing mutation and fusion detection in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer by sequential DNA and RNA sequencing
Journal of Thoracic Oncology ( IF 21.0 ) Pub Date : 2020-06-01 , DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2020.01.019
Danielle Cohen 1 , Liesbeth M Hondelink 1 , Nienke Solleveld-Westerink 1 , Sandra M Uljee 1 , Dina Ruano 1 , Anne-Marie Cleton-Jansen 1 , Jan H von der Thüsen 1 , S Rajen S Ramai 2 , Pieter E Postmus 2 , Jacob F Graadt van Roggen 3 , Bart P C Hoppe 4 , Pieter C Clahsen 5 , Klaartje W Maas 6 , Els J M Ahsmann 7 , Alexandra Ten Heuvel 8 , Frank Smedts 9 , Ronald N van Rossem 10 , Tom van Wezel 1
Affiliation  

BACKGROUND Frequently, patients with locally advanced or metastatic non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) are screened for mutations and fusions. In most labs, molecular work-up includes a multitude of tests: immunohistochemistry (IHC; ALK, ROS1 and PD-L1 testing), DNA sequencing and in situ hybridization for fusion and amplification detection. Especially with fast emergence of new drugs targeting specific fusions and exon-skipping events, this procedure harbors a growing risk of tissue exhaustion. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this study we evaluated the benefit of anchored multiplexed PCR-based targeted RNA sequencing (RNA NGS) in the identification of gene fusions and exon skipping events in patients in which no pathogenic driver mutation was found by DNA-based targeted cancer hotspot NGS (DNA NGS). We analyzed a cohort of stage IV NSCLC cases from both in house and referral hospitals, consisting of 38.5% cytology samples and 61.5% micro-dissected histology samples, mostly core needle biopsies. We compared molecular findings in a parallel work-up (DNA NGS and RNA NGS, cohort 1, n = 198) with a sequential work-up (DNA NGS followed by RNA NGS in selected cases, cohort 2, n = 192). We hypothesized a sequential work-up to be the most efficient procedure. RESULTS In both cohorts, a maximum of one oncogenic driver mutation was found per case. This is in concordance with large whole genome-databases, and suggests that it is safe to omit RNA NGS when a clear oncogenic driver is identified in DNA NGS. Additionally, this reduces the amount of necessary RNA NGS to only 53% of all cases. The tumors of never-smokers, however, are enriched for fusions and exon skipping events (32% versus 4% in former and current smokers, p = 0.00), and therefore benefit more often from the shorter turnaround time in the parallel approach (median 15 days versus only 9 days in the parallel workup). CONCLUSION We conclude that sequentially combining DNA NGS and RNA NGS is the most efficient strategy for mutation and fusion detection in smoking-associated NSCLC, whereas for never-smokers we recommend a parallel approach. This approach has shown to be feasible on small tissue samples, including cytology, and can drastically reduce the complexity and costs of the molecular work up while providing flexibility in the constantly evolving landscape of actionable targets in NSCLC.

中文翻译:

通过序列 DNA 和 RNA 测序优化非小细胞肺癌的突变和融合检测

背景 通常,对局部晚期或转移性非小细胞肺癌 (NSCLC) 患者进行突变和融合筛查。在大多数实验室中,分子检查包括多种测试:免疫组织化学(IHC;ALK、ROS1 和 PD-L1 测试)、DNA 测序和用于融合和扩增检测的原位杂交。尤其是随着针对特定融合和外显子跳跃事件的新药的快速出现,该过程具有越来越大的组织衰竭风险。材料和方法 在本研究中,我们评估了基于锚定多重 PCR 的靶向 RNA 测序 (RNA NGS) 在识别基因融合和外显子跳跃事件中的益处,在这些患者中,基于 DNA 的靶向癌症热点未发现致病性驱动突变NGS(DNA NGS)。我们分析了来自内部医院和转诊医院的一组 IV 期 NSCLC 病例,包括 38.5% 的细胞学样本和 61.5% 的显微解剖组织学样本,主要是核心针活检。我们比较了平行检查(DNA NGS 和 RNA NGS,队列 1,n = 198)与顺序检查(DNA NGS 后接 RNA NGS,在特定病例中,队列 2,n = 192)中的分子发现。我们假设顺序检查是最有效的程序。结果 在两个队列中,每个病例最多发现一个致癌驱动突变。这与大型全基因组数据库一致,并表明当在 DNA NGS 中识别出明确的致癌驱动因素时,省略 RNA NGS 是安全的。此外,这将必要的 RNA NGS 数量减少到所有病例的 53%。然而,从不吸烟者的肿瘤,融合和外显子跳跃事件富集(32% 与 4% 以前和现在吸烟者,p = 0.00),因此更常受益于平行方法中更短的周转时间(中位数 15 天与仅 9 天平行)处理)。结论 我们得出的结论是,顺序结合 DNA NGS 和 RNA NGS 是吸烟相关 NSCLC 中突变和融合检测的最有效策略,而对于从不吸烟的人,我们建议采用平行方法。这种方法已被证明在包括细胞学在内的小组织样本上是可行的,并且可以大大降低分子检查的复杂性和成本,同时为 NSCLC 中不断发展的可操作靶点提供灵活性。并且因此更常受益于平行方法中更短的周转时间(中位数 15 天,而平行检查中只有 9 天)。结论 我们得出的结论是,顺序结合 DNA NGS 和 RNA NGS 是吸烟相关 NSCLC 中突变和融合检测的最有效策略,而对于从不吸烟的人,我们建议采用平行方法。这种方法已被证明在包括细胞学在内的小组织样本上是可行的,并且可以大大降低分子检查的复杂性和成本,同时为 NSCLC 中不断发展的可操作靶点提供灵活性。并且因此更常受益于平行方法中更短的周转时间(中位数 15 天,而平行检查中只有 9 天)。结论 我们得出的结论是,顺序结合 DNA NGS 和 RNA NGS 是吸烟相关 NSCLC 中突变和融合检测的最有效策略,而对于从不吸烟的人,我们建议采用平行方法。这种方法已被证明在包括细胞学在内的小组织样本上是可行的,并且可以大大降低分子检查的复杂性和成本,同时为 NSCLC 中不断发展的可操作靶点提供灵活性。结论 我们得出的结论是,顺序结合 DNA NGS 和 RNA NGS 是吸烟相关 NSCLC 中突变和融合检测的最有效策略,而对于从不吸烟的人,我们建议采用平行方法。这种方法已被证明在包括细胞学在内的小组织样本上是可行的,并且可以大大降低分子检查的复杂性和成本,同时为 NSCLC 中不断发展的可操作靶点提供灵活性。结论 我们得出的结论是,顺序结合 DNA NGS 和 RNA NGS 是吸烟相关 NSCLC 中突变和融合检测的最有效策略,而对于从不吸烟的人,我们建议采用平行方法。这种方法已被证明在包括细胞学在内的小组织样本上是可行的,并且可以大大降低分子检查的复杂性和成本,同时为 NSCLC 中不断发展的可操作靶点提供灵活性。
更新日期:2020-06-01
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