Abstract Sewage treatment plants effluent is considered the primary source of many micropollutants in aquatic systems since their biological treatment is commonly unable to remove persistent micropollutants. However, its efficacy can be achieved with the aid of advanced treatment technologies, such as membrane processes. This work evaluated the removal efficiency of 7 pharmaceuticals (Ketoprofen, Prednisone, Fenofibrate, Fluconazole, Betamethasone, Loratadine and 17α-Ethinyl estradiol) in a hybrid system (EGSB-MBR) where an ultrafiltration membrane was submerged in an anaerobic expanded granular sludge bed (EGSB) reactor. This integrated system improved the removal efficiencies of pharmaceuticals (>84 %) and chemical oxygen demand (COD). The EGSB reactor alone showed COD reductions around 92 %, while the EGSB-MBR system achieved COD reductions above 98 %. Furthermore, the permeate showed lower concentrations of nutrients (P, N-NH4+) and volatile fatty acids (VFAs) than the effluent from the anaerobic reactor alone. Anaerobic biodegradability tests, together with bioreactor results, pointed out the mechanisms involved in the removal of each drug. The risk assessment showed that the permeate presented a low probability of risk to human health and that the UF membrane was able to reduce the risk of the final effluent.

中文翻译：

---

膨胀颗粒污泥床膜生物反应器去除生活废水中的微污染物

摘要 污水处理厂出水被认为是水生系统中许多微污染物的主要来源，因为它们的生物处理通常无法去除持久性微污染物。然而，它的功效可以在先进的处理技术的帮助下实现，例如膜工艺。这项工作评估了 7 种药物（酮洛芬、泼尼松、非诺贝特、氟康唑、倍他米松、氯雷他定和 17α-乙炔雌二醇）在混合系统（EGSB-MBR）中的去除效率，其中超滤膜浸没在厌氧膨胀颗粒污泥床中（ EGSB) 反应器。该集成系统提高了药物 (>84%) 和化学需氧量 (COD) 的去除效率。单独的 EGSB 反应器的 COD 降低了约 92%，而 EGSB-MBR 系统实现了 98% 以上的 COD 降低。此外，与单独来自厌氧反应器的流出物相比，渗透物显示出更低浓度的营养物（P、N-NH4+）和挥发性脂肪酸（VFA）。厌氧生物降解性测试与生物反应器结果一起指出了去除每种药物所涉及的机制。风险评估表明，渗透物对人类健康的风险概率很低，超滤膜能够降低最终流出物的风险。