The utilization of non-edible and low-cost feedstock in bioenergy research is getting more attention in recent decades. Catalytic deoxygenation of fatty acids from waste oil feedstocks is a promising route to produce diesel-like hydrocarbons. Here we report the conversion of palm fatty acid distillate (PFAD), a low-value side product of physical refining of crude palm oil, into green diesel using a solventless and hydrogen-free deoxygenation (DO) reaction using catalytic deoxygenation over solid acid catalysts (Co/SBA-15, Ni/SBA-15, and Ni–Co/SBA-15) with total metal loadings of 5 wt%. Metal precursors (Ni, Co, Ni–Co) were doped on the mesostructured catalyst supporter, SBA-15 by wet impregnation. The catalysts were characterized by nitrogen adsorption-desorption isotherm analysis, X-ray diffraction, X-ray fluorescence, infrared spectroscopy, and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy with elemental mapping. The DO reaction was carried out in a semi-batch reactor with a catalyst loading of 10 wt% at 350 °C for 3 h. The use of both Ni/SBA-15 and Ni–Co/SBA-15 afforded products with high contents of liquid hydrocarbons (C8–C17) with yields of 85.8% and 88.1%, respectively, and selectivity for diesel-range hydrocarbons (C13–C17) above 85% were achieved. Cobalt seems to have a larger particle size, then associates with the carbon formation and introduces coke formation. It blocks some pores and deactivates the active sites of the catalyst, thus reducing the catalytic activity.

近几十年来，在生物能源研究中利用不可食用的低成本原料受到越来越多的关注。来自废油原料的脂肪酸催化脱氧是生产柴油样烃的有前途的途径。在这里，我们报告了棕榈脂肪酸馏出物（PFAD）（一种粗制棕榈油的物理精制的低价值副产品）的转化，这是通过使用无溶剂和无氢的脱氧（DO）反应（在固体酸催化剂上使用催化脱氧）将其转化为绿色柴油。 （Co / SBA-15，Ni / SBA-15和Ni–Co / SBA-15），总金属负载量为5 wt％。通过湿法浸渍将金属前体（Ni，Co，Ni–Co）掺杂在介孔结构的催化剂载体SBA-15上。通过氮气吸附-解吸等温线分析，X射线衍射，X射线荧光，红外光谱对催化剂进行了表征，和具有元素映射的高分辨率透射电子显微镜。DO反应在半间歇式反应器中进行，其中催化剂负载量为10 wt％，在350℃下反应3 h。Ni / SBA-15和Ni–Co / SBA-15的使用提供了高含量液态烃（C8–C17）的产品，产率分别为85.8％和88.1％，并且对柴油范围烃（C13）具有选择性–C17）达到85％以上。钴似乎具有较大的粒径，然后与碳形成结合并引入焦炭形成。它堵塞了一些孔并使催化剂的活性位点失活，从而降低了催化活性。Ni / SBA-15和Ni–Co / SBA-15的使用提供了高含量液态烃（C8–C17）的产品，产率分别为85.8％和88.1％，对柴油范围烃（C13）的选择性–C17）达到85％以上。钴似乎具有较大的粒径，然后与碳形成结合并引入焦炭形成。它堵塞了一些孔并使催化剂的活性位点失活，从而降低了催化活性。Ni / SBA-15和Ni–Co / SBA-15的使用提供了高含量液态烃（C8–C17）的产品，产率分别为85.8％和88.1％，对柴油范围烃（C13）的选择性–C17）达到85％以上。钴似乎具有较大的粒径，然后与碳形成结合并引入焦炭形成。它堵塞了一些孔并使催化剂的活性位点失活，从而降低了催化活性。