It is now widely appreciated that the spatial organization of the genome is nonrandom, and its complex 3D folding has important consequences for many genome processes. Recent developments in multiplexed, super-resolution microscopy have enabled an unprecedented view of the polymeric structure of chromatin - from the loose folds of whole chromosomes to the detailed loops of cis-regulatory elements that regulate gene expression. Facilitated by the use of robotics, microfluidics, and improved approaches to super-resolution, thousands to hundreds of thousands of individual cells can now be analyzed in an individual experiment. This has led to new insights into the nature of genomic structural features identified by sequencing, such as topologically associated domains (TADs), and the nature of enhancer-promoter interactions underlying transcriptional regulation. We review these recent improvements.

中文翻译：

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千碱级分辨率染色质成像的进展。

现在人们普遍认识到基因组的空间组织是非随机的，其复杂的 3D 折叠对许多基因组过程具有重要影响。多重超分辨率显微镜的最新发展使我们能够以前所未有的方式观察染色质的聚合结构——从整个染色体的松散折叠到调节基因表达的顺式调节元件的详细环。通过使用机器人、微流体和改进的超分辨率方法，现在可以在单个实验中分析数千到数十万个单个细胞。这使得人们对通过测序鉴定的基因组结构特征的性质有了新的认识，例如拓扑相关域（TAD），以及转录调控背后的增强子-启动子相互作用的性质。我们回顾这些最近的改进。