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Sublethal neurotoxicity of organophosphate insecticides to juvenile coho salmon.
Aquatic Toxicology ( IF 4.1 ) Pub Date : 2020-01-31 , DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2020.105424
Cathy A Laetz 1 , David H Baldwin 1 , Nathaniel L Scholz 1
Affiliation  

For decades, organophosphate (OP) insecticides have been used as chemical control agents in watersheds that support at-risk populations of Pacific salmon throughout western North America. Spray drift, runoff, and other processes transport OPs to critical surface water habitats for migratory salmonids. While most OPs share a common mechanism of action (i.e., inhibition of neuronal acetylcholinesterase, or AChE), they typically vary in toxic potency. Moreover, dose-response relationships for exposure and sublethal neurotoxicity (e.g., brain AChE inhibition) in salmonids have not been defined for many OPs. Here we exposed juvenile coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) to five common anticholinesterase insecticides (dimethoate, ethoprop, naled, phorate and phosmet) that are widely used on agricultural, commercial, residential, and public lands. Each of the five pesticides produced a concentration-dependent inhibition of AChE enzyme activity. The effective concentration for 50 % AChE inhibition (96-hr EC50) indicated the highest toxicity for phorate (EC50 = 0.57 μg/L) followed by phosmet (3.3 μg/L), naled (7.8 μg/L), ethoprop (90.6 μg/L) and dimethoate (273 μg/L). These findings can inform 1) relative hazard analyses for OP use near sensitive aquatic habitats, 2) predictions of sublethal OP mixture toxicity, and 3) ecological risk assessments for threatened or endangered species of Pacific salmon.

中文翻译:

有机磷杀虫剂对少年银大麻哈鱼的亚致死神经毒性。

数十年来,有机磷酸盐(OP)杀虫剂已被用作流域中的化学控制剂,这些流域为整个北美西部的高风险太平洋鲑鱼种群提供了支持。喷雾漂移,径流和其他过程将OP运到重要的地表水生境中,以迁徙鲑鱼。尽管大多数OP具有共同的作用机制(即抑制神经元乙酰胆碱酯酶或AChE),但它们的毒性通常不同。此外,鲑鱼类中暴露和亚致死性神经毒性(例如脑AChE抑制)的剂量反应关系尚未为许多OP定义。在这里,我们将未成年的银大麻哈鱼(Oncorhynchus kisutch)暴露于五种常见的抗胆碱酯酶杀虫剂(乐果,乙草酸,纳那德,phorate和phosmet),这些杀虫剂广泛用于农业,商业,住宅和公共场所。五种农药中的每一种均产生浓度依赖性的AChE酶活性抑制作用。有效浓度的50%AChE抑制(96小时EC50)表明,磷酸根的毒性最高(EC50 = 0.57μg/ L),其次是磷酸酯(3.3μg/ L),复方(7.8μg/ L),乙酸(90.6μg) / L)和乐果(273μg/ L)。这些发现可以为1)敏感水生生境附近使用OP的相对危害分析,2)亚致死OP混合物毒性的预测以及3)濒危或濒临灭绝的太平洋鲑鱼物种的生态风险评估提供信息。6微克/升)和乐果(273微克/升)。这些发现可以为1)敏感水生生境附近使用OP的相对危害分析,2)亚致死OP混合物毒性的预测以及3)濒危或濒临灭绝的太平洋鲑鱼物种的生态风险评估提供信息。6微克/升)和乐果(273微克/升)。这些发现可以为1)敏感水生生境附近使用OP的相对危害分析,2)亚致死OP混合物毒性的预测以及3)濒危或濒临灭绝的太平洋鲑鱼物种的生态风险评估提供信息。
更新日期:2020-01-31
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