Attachment theory, developed by Mary Ainsworth and John Bowlby about seventy years ago, has become one of the most influential and comprehensive contemporary psychology theories. It predicts that early social interactions with significant others shape the emergence of distinct self- and other-representations, the latter affecting how we initiate and maintain social relationships across the lifespan. A person's attachment history will therefore associate with inter-individual differences in emotional and cognitive mechanisms sustaining representations, modeling, and understanding of others on the biological and brain level. This review aims at summarizing the currently available social neuroscience data in healthy participants on how inter-individual differences in attachment associate with brain anatomy and activity across the lifespan, and to integrate these data into an extended and refined functional neuro-anatomical model of human attachment (NAMA). We first propose a new prototypical initial attachment pathway and its derivatives as a function of attachment security, avoidance, and anxiety. Based on these pathways, we suggest a neural attachment system composed of two emotional mentalization modules (aversion and approach) and two cognitive mentalization modules (emotion regulation and mental state representation) and provide evidence on their functionality depending on inter-individual differences in attachment. We subsequently expand this first-person social neuroscience account by also considering a second-person social neuroscience perspective comprising the concepts of bio-behavioral synchrony and particularly inter-brain coherence. We hope that such extended and refined NAMA can inform attachment theory and ultimately help devising new prevention and intervention strategies for individuals and families at risk for attachment-related psychopathology.

中文翻译：

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人依恋（NAMA）的功能性神经解剖模型：第一和第二人称社交神经科学的见解。

依恋理论是由玛丽·安斯沃思（Mary Ainsworth）和约翰·鲍比（John Bowlby）于大约70年前提出的，已成为当代最有影响力和最全面的心理学理论之一。它预测，与其他重要人物的早期社交互动会形成独特的自我和他人代表的出现，后者会影响我们在整个生命周期中如何发起和维持社会关系。因此，一个人的依恋历史将与个体间在情感和认知机制上的差异相关联，从而在生物学和大脑水平上维持对他人的表示，建模和理解。这篇评论旨在总结健康参与者当前可获得的社会神经科学数据，以了解依恋个体之间的差异如何与整个生命周期的大脑解剖结构和活动相关，并将这些数据整合到人类依恋的扩展和完善的功能性神经解剖模型（NAMA）中。我们首先提出一种新的原型初始依恋途径及其衍生形式，作为依恋安全性，回避和焦虑的函数。基于这些途径，我们建议一个由两个情感心理化模块（厌恶和方法）和两个认知心理化模块（情绪调节和心理状态表示）组成的神经依恋系统，并根据依恋个体之间的差异提供有关其功能的证据。随后，我们还通过考虑第二人称社交神经科学观点来扩展该第一人称社交神经科学解释，该观点包括生物行为同步性，尤其是脑间连贯性的概念。