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AMPK, a Regulator of Metabolism and Autophagy, Is Activated by Lysosomal Damage via a Novel Galectin-Directed Ubiquitin Signal Transduction System.
Molecular Cell ( IF 14.5 ) Pub Date : 2020-01-22 , DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2019.12.028
Jingyue Jia 1 , Bhawana Bissa 1 , Lukas Brecht 2 , Lee Allers 1 , Seong Won Choi 1 , Yuexi Gu 1 , Mark Zbinden 3 , Mark R Burge 4 , Graham Timmins 5 , Kenneth Hallows 6 , Christian Behrends 2 , Vojo Deretic 1
Affiliation  

AMPK is a central regulator of metabolism and autophagy. Here we show how lysosomal damage activates AMPK. This occurs via a hitherto unrecognized signal transduction system whereby cytoplasmic sentinel lectins detect membrane damage leading to ubiquitination responses. Absence of Galectin 9 (Gal9) or loss of its capacity to recognize lumenal glycans exposed during lysosomal membrane damage abrogate such ubiquitination responses. Proteomic analyses with APEX2-Gal9 have revealed global changes within the Gal9 interactome during lysosomal damage. Gal9 association with lysosomal glycoproteins increases whereas interactions with a newly identified Gal9 partner, deubiquitinase USP9X, diminishes upon lysosomal injury. In response to damage, Gal9 displaces USP9X from complexes with TAK1 and promotes K63 ubiquitination of TAK1 thus activating AMPK on damaged lysosomes. This triggers autophagy and contributes to autophagic control of membrane-damaging microbe Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Thus, galectin and ubiquitin systems converge to activate AMPK and autophagy during endomembrane homeostasis.

中文翻译:

AMPK是一种代谢和自噬的调节剂,可通过新型Galectin定向泛素信号转导系统被溶酶体损伤激活。

AMPK是新陈代谢和自噬的中央调节器。在这里,我们显示了溶酶体损伤如何激活AMPK。这是通过迄今无法识别的信号转导系统发生的,通过该系统,细胞质前哨凝集素可以检测导致泛素化反应的膜损伤。缺乏Galectin 9(Gal9)或丧失其识别溶酶体膜损伤期间暴露的腔聚糖的能力,消除了这种泛素化反应。用APEX2-Gal9进行的蛋白质组学分析显示,在溶酶体损伤期间,Gal9相互作用组内部发生了整体变化。Gal9与溶酶体糖蛋白的结合增加,而溶酶体损伤后与新鉴定的Gal9伴侣去泛素酶USP9X的相互作用减弱。为了应对伤害,Gal9将USP9X从与TAK1形成的复合物中置换,并促进TAK1的K63泛素化,从而激活了受损溶酶体上的AMPK。这会触发自噬,并有助于自噬控制破坏膜的微生物结核分枝杆菌。因此,在膜内稳态期间,半乳凝素和遍在蛋白系统收敛以激活AMPK和自噬。
更新日期:2020-01-29
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