Cognitive and mental health are major determinants of quality of life, allowing integration into society at all ages. Human epidemiological and animal studies indicate that in addition to genetic factors and lifestyle, prenatal environmental influences may program neuropsychiatric disorders in later life. While several human studies have examined the effects of prenatal stress and nutrient restriction on brain function and mental health in later life, potentially mediating effects of prenatal stress and nutrient restriction on offspring neuroanatomy in humans have been studied only in recent years. Based on neuroimaging and anatomical data, we comprehensively review the studies in this emerging field. We relate prenatal environmental influences to neuroanatomical abnormalities in the offspring, measured in utero and throughout life. We also assess the relationship between neuroanatomical abnormalities and cognitive and mental disorders. Timing- and gender-specific effects are considered, if reported. Our review provides evidence for adverse effects of an unfavorable prenatal environment on structural brain development that may contribute to the risk for cognitive, behavioral and mental health problems throughout life.

中文翻译：

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妊娠期间母体应激和营养限制对人类后代神经解剖学的影响。

认知和心理健康是生活质量的主要决定因素，有助于各个年龄段的人融入社会。人类流行病学和动物研究表明，除了遗传因素和生活方式之外，产前环境的影响也可能会影响日后的神经精神疾病。虽然一些人类研究已经探讨了产前压力和营养限制对晚年大脑功能和心理健康的影响，但产前压力和营养限制对人类后代神经解剖学的潜在中介影响仅在最近几年才被研究。基于神经影像学和解剖学数据，我们全面回顾了这一新兴领域的研究。我们将产前环境影响与后代的神经解剖学异常联系起来，在子宫内和一生中进行测量。我们还评估神经解剖学异常与认知和精神障碍之间的关系。如果报告的话，会考虑特定时间和性别的影响。我们的综述提供了证据，证明不利的产前环境对大脑结构发育产生不利影响，可能会导致一生中出现认知、行为和心理健康问题的风险。