Abstract Conservation of the snow leopard (Panthera uncia) is challenging because of its threatened status and increase in human-snow leopard conflict (HSC). The area of occupancy of the snow leopard comprises mountainous regions of Asia that are confronted with various environmental pressures including climate change. HSCs have increased with a burgeoning human population and economic activities that enhance competition between human and snow leopard or its preys. Here we systematically review the peer-reviewed literature from 1994 to 2018 in Web of Science, Google Scholar, Science Direct and PubMed (30 articles), to evaluate the current state of scholarship about HSCs and their management. We determine: 1) the spatio-temporal distribution of relevant researches; 2) the methodologies to assess HSCs; 3) and evaluate existing interventions for conflict management; and 4) the potential options for HSC management. The aim of the current study is thus to identify key research gaps and future research requirements. Of the articles in this review, 60% evaluated the mitigation of HSCs, while only 37% provided actionable and decisive results. Compensation programs and livestock management strategies had high success rates for mitigating HSCs through direct or community-managed interventions. Further research is required to evaluate the efficacy of existing HSC mitigation strategies, many of which, while recommended, lack proper support. In spite of the progress made in HSC studies, research is needed to examine ecological and socio-cultural context of HSCs. We suggest future work focus on rangeland management for HSC mitigation, thus ultimately fostering a co-existence between human and snow leopard.

中文翻译：

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人与雪豹冲突的研究趋势和管理选择

摘要 雪豹 (Panthera uncia) 的保护面临着挑战，因为其濒危状态和人与雪豹冲突 (HSC) 的增加。雪豹的栖息地包括亚洲山区，这些地区面临着包括气候变化在内的各种环境压力。随着人口和经济活动的蓬勃发展，人类与雪豹或其猎物之间的竞争加剧，HSC 也随之增加。在这里，我们系统地回顾了 1994 年至 2018 年在 Web of Science、Google Scholar、Science Direct 和 PubMed 中的同行评审文献（30 篇文章），以评估有关 HSC 及其管理的学术现状。我们确定：1）相关研究的时空分布；2) 评估 HSC 的方法；3) 评估现有的冲突管理干预措施；4) HSC 管理的潜在选择。因此，当前研究的目的是确定关键的研究差距和未来的研究需求。在本次审查的文章中，60% 评估了 HSC 的缓解，而只有 37% 提供了可操作和决定性的结果。补偿计划和牲畜管理策略通过直接或社区管理的干预措施减轻 HSC 的成功率很高。需要进一步研究来评估现有 HSC 缓解策略的有效性，其中许多虽然被推荐，但缺乏适当的支持。尽管 HSC 研究取得了进展，但仍需要研究以检查 HSC 的生态和社会文化背景。我们建议未来的工作重点是牧场管理以减轻 HSC，