Flame retardants mitigate the threat of fire from inherently flammable materials responsible for sustaining a high standard of living. Although bulk flame retardants have proven effective for many years, there is now increased interest in the use of surface treatments to localize flame-retardant chemistry at the exterior of a material, where combustion occurs, in an effort to preserve desirable bulk properties and minimize the amount of additive needed. This Review provides a historical overview that leads to the most promising surface treatments that will help pave the way for developing more effective and non-intrusive flame retardants in the future. The way in which a fire transpires, and the various chemistries and mechanisms used to counteract fire propagation, are discussed. Challenges that remain to improve current flame-retardant surface treatments are also addressed, as the success of these treatments depends on the scalability, durability and ability to impart desired functionality without conferring environmental problems.

阻燃剂减轻了导致维持高生活水平的固有易燃材料引起的火灾威胁。尽管多年来已证明块状阻燃剂是有效的，但现在人们对使用表面处理将阻燃剂化学定位在发生燃烧的材料外部的兴趣日益浓厚，以努力保持理想的块状性质并最大程度地减少材料的燃烧。所需的添加剂量。这篇综述提供了一个历史概述，可导致最有前途的表面处理，这将为将来开发更有效和非侵入性的阻燃剂铺平道路。讨论了火灾发生的方式，以及用于抵制火灾蔓延的各种化学物质和机理。