The marine environment encompasses a huge biological diversity and can be considered as an underexplored location for prospecting bioactive molecules. In this review, the current state of art about antimicrobial molecules from marine bacteria has been summarized considering the main phylum and sources evolved in a marine environment. Considering the last two decades, we have found as most studied group of bacteria producers of substances with antimicrobial activity is the Firmicutes phylum, in particular strains of the Bacillus genus. The reason for that can be attributed to the difficult cultivation of typical Actinobacteria from a marine sediment, whose members are the major producers of antimicrobial substances in land environments. However, a reversed trend has been observed in recent years with an increasing number of reports settling on Actinobacteria. Great diversity of chemical structures have been identified, such as fijimicyns and lynamicyns from Actinomycetes and macrolactins produced by Bacillus.

中文翻译：

---

海洋细菌是抗菌化合物的来源。

海洋环境包含着巨大的生物多样性，可以被认为是勘探生物活性分子的未开发位置。在这篇综述中，考虑到海洋环境中进化出的主要门和来源，总结了海洋细菌抗菌分子的最新技术。考虑到最近的二十年，我们发现作为研究最多的具有抗菌活性的物质的细菌生产者群是沙门菌，特别是芽孢杆菌属菌株。其原因可归因于难以从海洋沉积物中培养典型的放线菌，其沉积物是陆地环境中主要的抗菌物质生产者。然而，近年来，随着放线菌的报道越来越多，观察到了相反的趋势。已经鉴定出很大的化学结构多样性，例如来自放线菌的斐济霉素和lynamicyns，以及由芽孢杆菌产生的大内酰胺。