The analysis of biomolecular interactions using quantum dots (QDs) as both FRET donors and acceptors has become an established technique in the life sciences. This development has been driven by the unique properties of QDs, which include large surfaces for the attachment of biomolecules, high brightness and photostability, strong and spectrally broad absorption, and color-tunability via QD size, shape, and material. Applications include molecular rulers for structural analysis, small-molecule sensors, immunoassays, enzyme assays, nucleic acid assays, fluorescence imaging in-vitro and in-vivo, and molecular logic gates. Here, we will explain the theory of QD-based FRET, review some aspects of QD surface functionalization that are important for FRET, and highlight and discuss the advantages and disadvantages of QDs in FRET-biosensing using both spectroscopy and imaging techniques.

使用量子点（QD）作为FRET供体和受体的生物分子相互作用的分析已成为生命科学中的一项成熟技术。量子点的独特性质推动了这一发展，量子点的独特性质包括附着生物分子的大表面，高亮度和光稳定性，强和光谱广泛的吸收能力以及通过量子点尺寸，形状和材料的颜色可调性。应用包括用于结构分析的分子尺，小分子传感器，免疫测定，酶测定，核酸测定，体外和体内荧光成像，以及分子逻辑门。在这里，我们将解释基于QD的FRET的理论，回顾对FRET重要的QD表面功能化的某些方面，并重点介绍和讨论QD在使用光谱学和成像技术进行FRET生物传感中的优缺点。