Worldwide, 1 in 10 babies are born preterm. Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD, also termed chronic lung disease of prematurity) is the major respiratory complication of preterm birth. The classic Northway description of BPD of airway injury with subsequent inflammation and fibrosis has given way to ‘new BPD’, with less fibrosis, and fewer, larger alveoli. Advances in care (including antenatal steroids and postnatal surfactant administration) are postulated to have led to this change. However, BPD incidence has remained static at 35%–45% of extremely preterm births,1 and remains a significant burden of care, requiring ambulatory and home oxygen, with increased healthcare visits and respiratory hospitalisations of affected infants. The sequelae of BPD persist into adulthood, where up to 25% of adult survivors of prematurity have ongoing respiratory symptoms.2 Treatment of BPD is primarily provision of ambulatory oxygen, awaiting lung growth to reduce the tachypnoea and hypoxia. The widely used 2001 National Institutes of …

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用 MRI 从支气管肺发育不良的引擎盖下看

在世界范围内，十分之一的婴儿早产。支气管肺发育不良（BPD，也称为早产儿慢性肺病）是早产的主要呼吸系统并发症。Northway 对气道损伤和随后的炎症和纤维化的经典 Northway 描述已经让位于“新的 BPD”，纤维化更少，肺泡更少、更大。据推测，护理方面的进步（包括产前类固醇和产后表面活性剂的使用）导致了这种变化。然而，BPD 的发生率一直保持在 35%–45% 的极早产1，并且仍然是一个重大的护理负担，需要动态和家庭氧气，增加了受影响婴儿的就诊次数和呼吸系统住院治疗。BPD的后遗症持续到成年，其中多达 25% 的早产儿成年幸存者有持续的呼吸道症状。2 BPD 的治疗主要是提供动态氧气，等待肺部生长以减少呼吸急促和缺氧。广泛使用的 2001 年美国国立卫生研究院…