The rapid evolution of treatment for advanced lung cancer is a story of how scientists have struggled to move from nonselective cytotoxic chemotherapy to personalized precision medicine. In this century, extraordinary advances have been made in the management of advanced and metastatic non-small cell lung cancer, especially in the development of small molecules targeting specific tyrosine kinase receptors and immune checkpoint inhibitors. These developments have led to a significant improvement in survival for lung cancer patients with metastatic disease. Now, the core guidelines to treat non-small cell lung cancer are based on the identification of targetable driver mutations and immune checkpoints. Continued investigations of newly identified druggable genetic alterations, explorations of biomarkers of immune checkpoint inhibitors, development of next-generation immunotherapy, and optimization of combination therapy are necessary to provide better treatment outcomes for lung cancer patients in the future.

中文翻译：

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晚期非小细胞肺癌的精确管理。

晚期肺癌的治疗方法的快速发展是一个故事，说明了科学家如何努力从非选择性细胞毒性化学治疗转向个性化精密医学。在本世纪，在晚期和转移性非小细胞肺癌的治疗方面取得了非凡的进步，特别是在靶向特定酪氨酸激酶受体和免疫检查点抑制剂的小分子的开发方面。这些发展已导致患有转移性疾病的肺癌患者的生存率显着提高。现在，治疗非小细胞肺癌的核心指南是基于可靶向的驱动突变和免疫检查点的鉴定。继续调查新发现的可药物化的遗传改变，探索免疫检查点抑制剂的生物标记，