The microbiome is an integrated part of the human body that can modulate a variety of disease processes and affect prognosis, treatment response, complications, and outcomes. The importance of allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation in cancer treatment has resulted in extensive investigations on the interaction between the microbiome and this treatment modality. These investigations are beginning to lead to clinical trials of microbiome-targeted interventions. Here we review some of these discoveries and describe strategies being investigated to manipulate the microbiome for favorable outcomes, such as the proper selection and timing of antibiotics, type of diet and route of administration, probiotics, prebiotics, and fecal microbiota transplantation.

中文翻译：

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异基因造血细胞移植中的微生物组异常。

微生物组是人体的一个组成部分，可以调节各种疾病过程并影响预后、治疗反应、并发症和结果。同种异体造血细胞移植在癌症治疗中的重要性已经导致对微生物组与这种治疗方式之间相互作用的广泛研究。这些调查开始导致针对微生物组的干预措施的临床试验。在这里，我们回顾了其中一些发现，并描述了正在研究的操纵微生物组以获得有利结果的策略，例如抗生素的正确选择和时机、饮食类型和给药途径、益生菌、益生元和粪便微生物群移植。