Mitral regurgitation (MR) is the most prevalent form of moderate or severe valve disease in the developed world. MR can result from impairment of any part of the mitral valve apparatus and is classified as primary (disease of the leaflets) or secondary (functional). The presence of at least moderate MR is associated with increased morbidity and mortality. With the goal of avoiding the risks of traditional surgery, transcatheter mitral valve therapies have been developed. The current transcatheter repair techniques are limited by therapeutic target and incomplete MR reduction, and thus transcatheter mitral valve replacement (TMVR) has been pursued. Several devices (both transapical and transseptal) are under development, with both early feasibility and pivotal trials under way. As this field develops, the decision to treat with TMVR will require a heart team approach that takes patient-, disease-, and device-specific factors into account.

中文翻译：

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经导管二尖瓣置换术：基本原理和当前状态。

二尖瓣反流（MR）是发达国家中最普遍的中度或重度瓣膜疾病形式。MR可能是由二尖瓣装置任何部分的损伤引起的，分为主要（小叶疾病）或次要（功能性）。至少中度MR的存在与发病率和死亡率增加相关。为了避免传统手术的风险，已经开发了经导管二尖瓣治疗。当前的经导管修复技术受到治疗目标和不完全MR降低的限制，因此已经寻求经导管二尖瓣置换术（TMVR）。几种设备（经心尖和经心间隔）正在开发中，并且正在进行早期可行性和关键试验。随着这个领域的发展，