Shallow Antarctic surface lakes belong to the most extreme aquatic environments on the Earth. In Vestfjella, proglacial surface lakes and ponds are characterized by a 2–5 month long period with liquid water and depths < 2 m. We give a detailed description of nine seasonal lakes and ponds situating at three nunataqs (Basen, Plogen and Fossilryggen) in western Dronning Maud Land. Their physical and geochemical properties are provided based on observations in four summers. Three main ‘lake categories‘ were found: 1) supraglacial lakes, 2) epiglacial ponds and 3) nunataq ponds. Category 3 lakes can be divided into two subgroups with regards to whether the meltwater source is glacial or just seasonal snow patches. Supraglacial lakes are ultra-oligotrophic (electrical conductivity < 10 μS cm−1, pH < 7), while in epiglacial ponds the concentrations of dissolved and suspended matter and trophic status vary over a wide range (electrical conductivity 20–110 μS cm−1, pH 6–9). In nunataq ponds, the maxima were an electrical conductivity of 1042 μS cm−1 and a pH of 10.1, and water temperature may have wide diurnal and day-to-day fluctuations (maximum 9.3°C) because snowfall, snow drift and sublimation influence the net solar irradiance.

中文翻译：

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Dronning Maud Land Vestfjella 湖泊的物理和地球化学

南极浅表湖属于地球上最极端的水生环境。在 Vestfjella，前冰川地表湖泊和池塘的特点是 2-5 个月长的液态水和深度 < 2 m。我们详细描述了位于西部 Dronning Maud Land 三个 nunataqs（Basen、Plogen 和 Fossilryggen）的九个季节性湖泊和池塘。它们的物理和地球化学特性是根据四个夏季的观测结果提供的。发现了三个主要的“湖泊类别”：1) 冰上湖泊，2) 冰上池塘和 3) 努纳塔克池塘。根据融水源是冰川还是季节性积雪，第 3 类湖泊可分为两个亚组。冰上湖泊是超贫营养的（电导率 < 10 μS cm-1, pH < 7)，而在冰缘池中，溶解和悬浮物质的浓度和营养状态在很宽的范围内变化（电导率 20–110 μS cm-1, pH 值 6-9)。在 nunataq 池塘中，最大电导率为 1042 μS cm-1pH 值为 10.1，由于降雪、积雪和升华会影响净太阳辐照度，因此水温可能存在较大的昼夜和日常波动（最高 9.3°C）。