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New insights on intercontinental origins of paternal lineages in Northeast Brazil.
BMC Ecology and Evolution ( IF 2.3 ) Pub Date : 2020-01-29 , DOI: 10.1186/s12862-020-1579-9
Ana Paula Schaan 1 , Leonor Gusmão 2 , Juliana Jannuzzi 2 , Antonio Modesto 3 , Marcos Amador 1 , Diego Marques 1 , Silvia Helena Rabenhorst 4 , Raquel Montenegro 4 , Thayson Lopes 5 , France Keiko Yoshioka 5 , Giovanny Pinto 5 , Sidney Santos 1 , Lorenna Costa 6 , Vivian Silbiger 6 , Ândrea Ribeiro-Dos-Santos 1, 3
Affiliation  

BACKGROUND The current Brazilian population is the product of centuries of admixture between intercontinental founding groups. Although previous results have revealed a heterogeneous distribution of mitochondrial lineages in the Northeast region, the most targeted by foreign settlers during the sixteenth century, little is known about the paternal ancestry of this particular population. Considering historical records have documented a series of territorial invasions in the Northeast by various European populations, we aimed to characterize the male lineages found in Brazilian individuals in order to discover to what extent these migrations have influenced the present-day gene pool. Our approach consisted of employing four hierarchical multiplex assays for the investigation of 45 unique event polymorphisms in the non-recombining portion of the Y-chromosome of 280 unrelated men from several Northeast Brazilian states. RESULTS Primary multiplex results allowed the identification of six major haplogroups, four of which were screened for downstream SNPs and enabled the observation of 19 additional lineages. Results reveal a majority of Western European haplogroups, among which R1b-S116* was the most common (63.9%), corroborating historical records of colonizations by Iberian populations. Nonetheless, FST genetic distances show similarities between Northeast Brazil and several other European populations, indicating multiple origins of settlers. Regarding Native American ancestry, our findings confirm a strong sexual bias against such haplogroups, which represented only 2.5% of individuals, highly contrasting previous results for maternal lineages. Furthermore, we document the presence of several Middle Eastern and African haplogroups, supporting a complex historical formation of this population and highlighting its uniqueness among other Brazilian regions. CONCLUSIONS We performed a comprehensive analysis of the major Y-chromosome lineages that form the most dynamic migratory region from the Brazilian colonial period. This evidence suggests that the ongoing entry of European, Middle Eastern, and African males in the Brazilian Northeast, since at least 500 years, was significantly responsible for the present-day genetic architecture of this population.

中文翻译:

关于巴西东北部父系的洲际起源的新见解。

背景技术当前的巴西人口是洲际创始群体之间百年混合的产物。尽管先前的研究结果表明,线粒体谱系在东北地区是异国分布的,这是十六世纪外国定居者最关注的目标,但对这一特定人群的父系血统知之甚少。考虑到历史记录已记录了各种欧洲人口对东北地区的一系列领土入侵,我们旨在表征在巴西个体中发现的男性血统,以发现这些迁徙在多大程度上影响了当今的基因库。我们的方法包括采用四个分层的多重分析方法,研究来自巴西东北部几个州的280名无关男性的Y染色体非重组部分中的45种独特事件多态性。结果初步的多重结果可以鉴定出六个主要的单倍体,其中四个被筛选出下游SNP,并观察到另外19个谱系。结果显示大多数西欧单倍群,其中R1b-S116 *最常见(63.9%),证实了伊比利亚人口定居的历史记录。尽管如此,FST的遗传距离显示出巴西东北部和其他欧洲人口之间的相似性,表明定居者有多个起源。关于美国原住民血统,我们的发现证实了对此类单倍群的强烈性偏见,该单倍群仅占个体的2.5%,与先前对母系谱系的结果形成鲜明对比。此外,我们记录了几个中东和非洲单倍群的存在,支持了该种群的复杂历史形成,并突出了其在其他巴西地区的独特性。结论我们对构成巴西殖民时期最具活力的移民地区的主要Y染色体谱系进行了全面分析。该证据表明,至少从500年以来,欧洲,中东和非洲男性不断进入巴西东北部对该种群的当今遗传结构起了重要作用。与先前关于母系谱系的结果形成鲜明对比。此外,我们记录了几个中东和非洲单倍群的存在,支持了该种群的复杂历史形成,并突出了其在其他巴西地区的独特性。结论我们对构成巴西殖民时期最具活力的移民地区的主要Y染色体谱系进行了全面分析。该证据表明,至少从500年以来,欧洲,中东和非洲男性不断进入巴西东北部对该种群的当今遗传结构起了重要作用。与先前关于母系谱系的结果形成鲜明对比。此外,我们记录了几个中东和非洲单倍群的存在,支持了该种群的复杂历史形成,并突出了其在其他巴西地区的独特性。结论我们对构成巴西殖民时期最具活力的移民地区的主要Y染色体谱系进行了全面分析。该证据表明,至少从500年以来,欧洲,中东和非洲男性不断进入巴西东北部对该种群的当今遗传结构起了重要作用。支持该人口的复杂历史形成,并突出其在其他巴西地区中的独特性。结论我们对构成巴西殖民时期最具活力的移民地区的主要Y染色体谱系进行了全面分析。该证据表明,至少从500年以来,欧洲,中东和非洲男性不断进入巴西东北部对该种群的当今遗传结构起了重要作用。支持该人口的复杂历史形成,并突出其在其他巴西地区中的独特性。结论我们对构成巴西殖民时期最具活力的移民地区的主要Y染色体谱系进行了全面分析。该证据表明,至少从500年以来,欧洲,中东和非洲男性不断进入巴西东北部对该种群的当今遗传结构起了重要作用。
更新日期:2020-04-22
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