The age-related loss of muscle mass and muscle function known as sarcopenia is a primary contributor to the problems faced by the old people. Sarcopenia has been a major public health problem with high prevalence in many countries. The related underlying molecular mechanisms of sarcopenia are not completely understood. This review is focused on the potential mechanisms and current research strategies for sarcopenia with the aim of facilitating the recognition and treatment of age-related sarcopenia. Previous studies suggested that protein synthesis and degradation, autophagy, impaired satellite cell activation, mitochondria dysfunction, and other factors associated with muscle weakness and muscle degeneration may be potential molecular pathophysiology of sarcopenia. Importantly, we also prospectively highlight that exosomes (small vesicles) as carriers can regulate muscle regeneration and protein synthesis according to recent researches. Dietary strategies and exercise represent the interventions that can also alleviate the progression of sarcopenia. At last, building on recent studies pointing to exosomes with the roles in increasing muscle regeneration, mediating the beneficial effects of exercise, and serving as messengers of intercellular communication and as carriers for research strategies of many diseases, we propose that exosomes could be a potential research direction or strategies of sarcopenia in the future.

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肌肉减少症的机制和治疗：外泌体是否可能成为未来的远景研究策略？

与年龄有关的肌肉量减少和肌肉功能丧失，称为肌肉减少症，是老年人所面临问题的主要原因。肌肉减少症是许多国家中普遍存在的主要公共卫生问题。肌肉减少症的相关基本分子机制尚未完全理解。这篇综述着重于少肌症的潜在机制和当前研究策略，目的是促进与年龄相关的少肌症的认识和治疗。先前的研究表明，蛋白质合成和降解，自噬，卫星细胞活化受损，线粒体功能障碍以及其他与肌肉无力和肌肉变性相关的因素可能是肌肉减少症的潜在分子病理生理学。重要的，我们还前瞻性地强调了根据最近的研究，作为载体的外泌体（小囊泡）可以调节肌肉再生和蛋白质合成。饮食策略和运动是可以减轻肌肉减少症进展的干预措施。最后，基于最近的研究表明外泌体在增加肌肉再生，介导运动的有益作用以及充当细胞间通讯的信使和许多疾病的研究策略的载体方面发挥作用，我们认为外泌体可能是一种潜在的未来肌肉减少症的研究方向或策略。