Fatty acyl-acyl thioesterases (FATs), which hydrolyze the thioester bond linking acyl chains to an acyl carrier protein, thereby terminating their elongation, contribute significantly to the fatty acid (FA) content and composition of seed storage lipids. The peanut ( Arachis hypogaea L.) genome was found to harbor 21 FAT ( AhFAT ) genes, distributed over 12 of the 20 chromosomes. The length of their predicted translation products varied from 74 to 415 residues, and all but one included the 1–2 Acyl-ACP_TE conserved domains. All of the coding sequences were interrupted by at least one intron, with the exon number ranging from two to 12, and five of the genes were liable to alternative splicing. When the RNA-Seq platform was used to assess the transcriptional behavior of the 21 AhFAT genes, transcription of only 13 was detectable in samples of root, leaves, and developing seed; among these, six were transcribed throughout the plant, three were root-specific and one was leaf-specific. A detailed analysis of a pair of homologous AhFATs showed that the coding region of each was split into six exons and that both were transcribed in all of the plant organs surveyed (although the intensity of their transcription was not the same in immature seed). The product of both genes was deposited in the chloroplast outer membrane. The constitutive expression of these genes in either yeast or Arabidopsis thaliana increased the FA content, especially that of saturated FAs. In peanut genome, 21 AhFAT genes were found and two of them were transformed into yeast and Arabidopsis for function identification. Results showed that overexpression of these two genes could increase the FA content, especially the saturated FAs content.

中文翻译：

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花生酰基-ACP硫酯酶的系统发育和功能表征

脂肪酰基-酰基硫酯酶 (FAT) 水解将酰基链连接到酰基载体蛋白的硫酯键，从而终止其伸长，对脂肪酸 (FA) 含量和种子储存脂质的组成有显着贡献。花生 (Arachis hypogaea L.) 基因组被发现含有 21 个 FAT (AhFAT) 基因，分布在 20 条染色体中的 12 条上。他们预测的翻译产物的长度从 74 到 415 个残基不等，除了一个之外，所有残基都包括 1-2 个 Acyl-ACP_TE 保守结构域。所有编码序列均被至少一个内含子打断，外显子数从2个到12个不等，其中5个基因易发生选择性剪接。当使用 RNA-Seq 平台评估 21 个 AhFAT 基因的转录行为时，在根样本中仅检测到 13 个基因的转录，叶子和正在发育的种子；其中，六种在整个植物中被转录，三种是根特异性的，一种是叶特异性的。对一对同源 AhFAT 的详细分析表明，每个的编码区被分成六个外显子，并且在所有调查的植物器官中都被转录（尽管它们的转录强度在未成熟的种子中并不相同）。两种基因的产物都沉积在叶绿体外膜中。这些基因在酵母或拟南芥中的组成型表达增加了 FA 含量，尤其是饱和 FA 的含量。在花生基因组中发现了21个AhFAT基因，其中2个转化酵母和拟南芥进行功能鉴定。结果表明，这两个基因的过表达可以增加 FA 含量，