Abstract Imidacloprid quickly gained popularity as the first commercial neonicotinoid following the invention of neonicotinoids by Bayer in 1985. Its relationship with agriculture is linked to protection of field crops against a range of insect pests. Beyond this, imidacloprid applications – foliar spraying, soil and seed treatment – have become intertwined with the negative impacts on ecosystem services, including killing of non-target organisms with great economic value such as pollinators, honey providers and beneficial insects which assist farmers with natural pest control. Because early plant growth (e.g. tissue, organ and seedling phase) forms an important part of a plant's life history, the current review draws attention to applying imidacloprid in priming or selection of physiologically important traits. And it reasons that neonicotinoid(imidacloprid)-driven priming/selection is enriched with the potential to integrate robust responses in, and for, plants to better deal with future hostile encounters from early life. Further discussed are some of the metabolites and synthetic compounds that are analogous to imidacloprid. Such compounds appear to greatly influence plant biochemical processes, and thus reflect the potential for imidacloprid to select traits important to safeguard plants against environmental stresses.

中文翻译：

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氯烟碱类杀虫剂吡虫啉：农业相关性、陷阱和新机遇

摘要 吡虫啉作为 1985 年拜耳公司发明新烟碱类药物后第一种商业新烟碱类药物迅速流行起来。它与农业的关系与保护大田作物免受一系列害虫的侵害有关。除此之外，吡虫啉的应用——叶面喷洒、土壤和种子处理——已经与对生态系统服务的负面影响交织在一起，包括杀死具有巨大经济价值的非目标生物，如传粉媒介、蜂蜜供应商和有益昆虫，它们帮助农民获得自然除害虫。由于早期植物生长（例如组织、器官和幼苗期）是植物生命史的重要组成部分，因此本综述提请注意将吡虫啉应用于生理重要性状的启动或选择。并且它认为新烟碱类（吡虫啉）驱动的启动/选择具有将强大反应整合到植物中并为植物更好地应对早期生命中未来敌对遭遇的潜力。进一步讨论了一些类似于吡虫啉的代谢物和合成化合物。这些化合物似乎极大地影响了植物的生化过程，因此反映了吡虫啉选择对保护植物免受环境胁迫很重要的性状的潜力。