Palm oil processing is one of the most dynamic economic activities in Colombia due to its high productivity for oil extraction. The crude palm oil (CPO) extraction from fresh fruit bunches (FFBs) requires processing stages (e.g. sterilization, threshing, digestion, pressing, clarification and drying) that may generate by-products or wastes impacting negatively the environment. In this work, the Tool for the Reduction and Assessment of Chemical and other Environmental Impacts (TRACI) was used for a better understanding of environment/human health-related issues during oil extraction. Besides, potential hazards were determined through Hazard Identification and Ranking (HIRA) methodology to identify the most critical units and propose relevant safety corrections. The environmental assessment revealed that pressed cake and empty fruit bunches (EFBs) most contributed to total freshwater ecotoxicity calculated in 2.66 × 10⁻¹ CTUeco/kg CPO. The residual water from both clarification and sterilization stages caused significant impacts to water eutrophication (1.51 × 10⁻² kg N eq/kg CPO). Process safety assessment showed risks of fire and explosion due to emissions of combustible dust and handling flammable materials. For most of the studied units, Fire & Explosion Damage Index (FEDI) achieved values above 400, which are classified in the categories of extremely or highly hazardous. Boiler reached the highest FEDI (790) due to the high temperature and pressure conditions during combustion and steam production. The novelty of this work lies in: i) detecting environmental and safety issues that need to be addressed, ii) providing insights for process improvements to move towards sustainable CPO production by incorporating safety and environmental aspects.

棕榈油加工因其高效率的石油开采而成为哥伦比亚最具活力的经济活动之一。从新鲜水果束（FFB）中提取粗棕榈油（CPO）需要一些处理阶段（例如灭菌，脱粒，消化，压榨，澄清和干燥），这些阶段可能会产生副产物或对环境造成负面影响的废物。在这项工作中，使用了减少和评估化学及其他环境影响的工具（TRACI），以更好地了解石油开采过程中与环境/人类健康相关的问题。此外，通过危害识别和分级（HIRA）方法确定了潜在危害，以识别最关键的单元并提出相关的安全纠正措施。× 10 ^-1 CTUeco /千克CPO。来自澄清阶段和灭菌阶段的残留水对水体富营养化产生了重大影响（1.51 × 10 ^-2 kg N当量/ kg CPO）。过程安全评估显示，由于排放可燃粉尘和处理易燃材料，有引发火灾和爆炸的危险。对于大多数研究单位，火灾和爆炸破坏指数（FEDI）达到400以上的值，这些值被归类为极度或高度危险类别。由于燃烧和蒸汽生产过程中的高温和高压条件，锅炉达到了最高的FEDI（790）。这项工作的新颖性在于：i）发现需要解决的环境和安全问题，ii）通过结合安全和环境方面，为改进流程以实现可持续CPO生产提供见识。