Microcystins that are cell-bound within Microcystis have demonstrated the ability to cause lethal and reproductive impairment in Daphnia, who constitute an important part of aquatic food chains and are known to feed on viable cyanobacterial cells. Recent advances in environmental toxicogenomics can be used to better understand the mechanistic effects from exposure to cell-bound microcystins in Daphnia; however, there remains a need to examine the effects of microcystins exposure as a function of dose and time in order to help elucidate the progression of (sub-)lethal effects. This study examines the effects of cell-bound microcystin exposure in Daphnia magna as a function of dose and time with shotgun proteomics in order to measure and provide insightful evidence describing functional mechanisms from, and relationships between, protein populations in response to toxic Microcystis aeruginosa. We further characterize the life-history fitness of D. magna in the presence of toxic exposure by measuring somatic growth rate. Chronic dietary exposure to cell-bound microcystins reduced the somatic growth rate of D. magna. Through proteomics analysis, we identified a significant increase in abundance of proteins related to reproductive success and development, removal of superoxide radicals, and motor activity in D. magna parents exposed to cell-bound microcystins at sub-lethal concentrations. We also identified a significant decrease in abundance of proteins related to apoptosis, metabolism, DNA damage repair, and immunity in D. magna neonates. This information will improve our understanding of the risks posed by cell-bound microcystins to cladocerans in freshwater ecosystems.

中文翻译：

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gun弹枪蛋白质组学分析表明，暴露于铜绿微囊藻产生的细胞结合的微囊藻毒素的大型蚤中，具有致命性。

微囊藻内与细胞结合的微囊藻毒素已显示出导致水蚤致死和生殖功能受损的能力，水蚤是水生食物链的重要组成部分，并以可繁殖的蓝细菌为食。环境毒理基因组学的最新进展可用于更好地了解水蚤中暴露于细胞结合的微囊藻毒素的机械效应。然而，仍然需要检查微囊藻毒素暴露随剂量和时间变化的作用，以帮助阐明（亚）致死作用的进展。这项研究检查了Da鱼蛋白质组学中细胞结合的微囊藻毒素暴露随剂量和时间变化的影响，以测量并提供深刻的证据来描述来自以下方面的功能机制及其之间的关系：毒性铜绿微囊藻对蛋白质的反应。通过测量体细胞生长速率，我们进一步表征了D. magna在有毒接触下的生活史适应性。长期饮食中与细胞结合的微囊藻毒素接触降低了D. magna的体细胞生长速率。通过蛋白质组学分析，我们发现暴露于亚致死浓度的细胞结合微囊藻毒素的D. magna亲本中，与生殖成功和发育，超氧化物自由基的去除以及运动活动有关的蛋白质丰度显着增加。我们还发现了D. magna新生儿中与凋亡，代谢，DNA损伤修复和免疫相关的蛋白质丰度显着降低。这些信息将使我们更好地理解细胞结合的微囊藻毒素对淡水生态系统中的clacercerans构成的风险。