The Upper Palaeolithic in Europe was a time of extensive climatic changes that impacted on the survival and distribution of human populations. During the Late Glacial Maximum (LGM), southern European peninsulas were refugia for flora, fauna, and human groups. One of these refugia, the Cantabrian region (northern Atlantic Spain), was intensively occupied throughout the Upper Palaeolithic. Characterising how climatic events were expressed in local environments is crucial to understand human and animal survival. La Riera Cave (Asturias) has a rich geo-cultural sequence dating between 20.5kyr BP to 6.5kyr BP and represents an ideal location in which to explore this. Stable isotope analysis of red deer and ibex is used alongside other environmental and climatic proxies to reconstruct Late Upper Palaeolithic conditions. Results show that during the LGM, ibex adapted their niche to survive, and became a major prey species for humans. The diverse environmental opportunities offered in the high-relief and coastal environs of La Riera may help to explain the high human population levels in the Cantabrian Region throughout the Late Upper Palaeolithic. Despite fluctuating conditions, herbivores and humans had the flexibility and resilience to adapt, demonstrating the importance of southern European refugia for the survival of different species.

中文翻译：

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晚更新世期间欧洲避难所的适应性，复原力和环境缓冲：La Riera Cave（西班牙坎塔布里亚阿斯图里亚斯）的见解。

欧洲上古旧石器时代是一个广泛的气候变化时代，影响着人类的生存和分布。在晚期冰川期（LGM）期间，南欧半岛是动植物群，动物群和人类群体的避难所。这些避难所之一，坎塔布连地区（西班牙北大西洋），在整个旧石器时代密集地被占领。表征气候事件在当地环境中的表达方式对于理解人类和动物的生存至关重要。La Riera Cave（阿斯图里亚斯）具有丰富的地缘文化序列，可追溯到20.5kyr BP至6.5kyr BP之间，是探索此地的理想位置。马鹿和高地山羊的稳定同位素分析与其他环境和气候代理一起用于重建上古旧石器时代后期的条件。结果表明，在LGM期间，ibex使他们的利基市场得以生存，并成为人类的主要猎物。La Riera的高起伏和沿海地区提供了各种环境机会，这可能有助于解释整个上旧石器时代晚期坎塔布连地区的高人口水平。尽管条件起伏不定，但食草动物和人类仍具有适应的灵活性和适应力，这表明南欧避难所对于不同物种的生存至关重要。