The massive generation of dye wastewater and mealworm waste has shown potential dangers. In this study, an innovative method was developed to fabricate an efficient photo-assisted Fenton-like heterogeneous catalyst, namely, iron (Fe)-loaded mealworms (the larvae of Tenebrio molitor Linnaeus) frass-based biochar (Fe/FBC). The physico–chemical properties were characterized by X-ray powder diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, Brunsuer-Emmett-Teller, Raman spectroscopy, inductively coupled plasma spectroscopy, and N₂ sorption-desorption isotherms. The results revealed the successful loading of Fe(III) on Fe/FBC surface with a loaded content of 6.0 wt%, and increased graphitization degree with high surface area (90.65 m² g⁻¹) appeared in Fe/FBC. Excellent removal efficiency toward malachite green (MG) dye (67% TOC within 5 min) and good recycling performance of Fe/FBC were observed in photo-assisted heterogeneous Fenton-like system, indicating that the aid of light irradiation may accelerate the heterogeneous Fenton-like reaction and realize the synergistic effect of enhanced MG degradation. Three key possible MG degradation pathways, involving N-de-methylation, hydroxylation, and destruction of the conjugated chromophore, were proposed based on the results of ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Life cycle assessment study was applied to evaluate the environmental impacts of the following two disposal strategies for frass wastes: Fe/FBC catalyst facilitation (scenario A) and composting treatment (scenario B) at midpoint level. Regarding ten impact categories, scenario A produced lower environmental footprint compared to scenario B, indicating that the facilitation of Fe/FBC is a financially and environmentally viable strategy for relieving the greenhouse effect, energy crisis, water toxicity, and eutrophication.

大量产生的染料废水和粉虫废物显示出潜在的危险。在这项研究中，开发了一种创新的方法来制造高效的光助Fenton样多相催化剂，即负载铁（Fe）的粉虫（Tenebrio molitor Linnaeus的幼虫）基于弗拉斯的生物炭（Fe / FBC）。通过X射线粉末衍射，扫描电子显微镜，能量色散X射线光谱，X射线光电子光谱，傅里叶变换红外光谱，Brunsuer-Emmett-Teller，拉曼光谱，电感耦合等离子体光谱等方法表征其理化性质和N ₂吸附-解吸等温线。结果显示，Fe（III）成功地以6.0 wt％的负载量负载在Fe / FBC表面，并且石墨化程度增加，具有高表面积（90.65 m ²  g ^-1）出现在Fe / FBC中。在光辅助异质Fenton样体系中观察到对孔雀绿（MG）染料的优异去除效率（5分钟内TOC为67％）和良好的Fe / FBC回收性能，表明借助光照射可以加速异质Fenton类反应并实现增强的MG降解的协同作用。基于超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法的结果，提出了三种可能的MG降解途径，包括N-去甲基化，羟基化和共轭生色团的破坏。生命周期评估研究用于评估以下两种处理废品的策略对环境的影响：中点水平的Fe / FBC催化剂促进（方案A）和堆肥处理（方案B）。