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Matching times: Trying to improve the correlation between heavy metal levels in mosses and bulk deposition.
Science of the Total Environment ( IF 8.2 ) Pub Date : 2020-01-27 , DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.136955
M T Boquete 1 , A Ares 2 , J A Fernández 3 , J R Aboal 3
Affiliation  

The relationship between the concentrations of metals in moss tissues and atmospheric deposition is highly complex, resulting in a general lack of correlations between these two matrices. Here, we tried to improve the significance of the moss-bulk deposition (BD) relationship by eliminating the mismatch between the time that the moss tissue selected for analysis is exposed to atmospheric deposition, and the time during which BD is collected. For this, we analysed the concentrations of Cd, Hg and Pb in new grown tissue of Pseudoscleropodium purum and BD collected monthly, for one year, in 21 sampling sites (SS) under different degrees of pollution. Additionally, we assessed how different moss tissues, including native moss (green parts and new grown tissues of P. purum) and moss transplants of Sphagnum denticulatum, reflect BD to find out which moss tissues provide a better estimate of the atmospheric deposition of heavy metals. First of all, our results showed that eliminating the mismatch between native moss exposure time and BD collection period is not enough to improve their correlation. Environmental variation emerged as the main driver of tissue content variation altering the moss-BD relationship unpredictably. Secondly, native P. purum represents BD values better than devitalized transplants by displaying a greater number of significant correlations with BD. Specifically, green parts of P. purum generally represent better BD than new grown tissues. Overall, we conclude that neither native mosses nor transplants are good estimators of atmospheric heavy metal deposition rates. However, they are good qualitative indicators of the atmospheric deposition, by allowing us to differentiate SS subject to a wide range of pollution levels. Additionally, green parts of P. purum, and likely of other mosses with similar growth forms, should be used in passive biomonitoring studies to make results from different studies comparable.

中文翻译:

匹配时间:试图改善苔藓中重金属含量与堆积沉积之间的相关性。

苔藓组织中金属的浓度与大气沉积之间的关系非常复杂,导致这两种基质之间普遍缺乏相关性。在这里,我们试图通过消除选择用于分析的苔藓组织暴露于大气沉积的时间与收集BD的时间之间的不匹配,来改善苔藓-散布沉积(BD)关系的重要性。为此,我们分析了在不同污染程度的21个采样点(SS)中,一年中每月收集的,一年中每月收集一次的假单胞菌和BD的新生长组织中Cd,Hg和Pb的浓度。此外,我们评估了不同的苔藓组织,包括天然苔藓(绿色部分和紫菜的新生长组织)和泥炭藓的苔藓移植物,反射BD以找出哪些苔藓组织可以更好地估算大气中的重金属沉积。首先,我们的结果表明,消除天然苔藓暴露时间和BD采集时间之间的不匹配不足以改善它们之间的相关性。环境变化是组织含量变化不可预测地改变苔藓-BD关系的主要驱动力。其次,通过显示大量与BD的显着相关性,天然P. purum比失活的移植更好地表示BD值。具体而言,紫菜的绿色部分通常代表比新生长的组织更好的BD。总的来说,我们得出结论,原生苔藓和移植物都不是大气中重金属沉积速率的良好估计。但是,它们是大气沉降的良好定性指标,通过允许我们区分受到广泛污染水平影响的SS。此外,被动生物监测研究中应使用P. purum的绿色部分以及可能具有相似生长形式的其他苔藓的绿色部分,以使不同研究的结果具有可比性。
更新日期:2020-01-27
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